Tondo, Manila

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Tondo

Map of Manila with the location of Tondo highlighted.
City Manila
Congressmen Benjamin Asilo
Jaime Lopez
Population (2007) 630,604
– Density 69,297 per km²
Area 9.10 km²
– Barangays 259
– Cong. Districts 1st to 2nd Districts

Tondo (traditional Chinese: 東都; pinyin: dōngdū) or the "Eastern Capital", was once historically known as the capital of the Luzon Empire (traditional Chinese: 呂宋國; pinyin: lǚsòngguó) and the hereditary stronghold of the Lakandulas, is now just one of the districts of Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. It is one of the most densely populated areas of land in the world. Tondo is located in the northwest portion of the city and is primarily residential-industrial in nature. Tondo is notorious for being the poorest and most underdeveloped district of the country.[citation needed] Many of the city's slums are found in this area. It is also the birthplace of former president Joseph Estrada, singer and actress Regine Velasquez, businessman and politician Manuel Villar, Manila Mayor and Gatpuno Antonio Villegas, Andres Bonifacio, the Great Leader of the Katipuneros, and Kyla, the Philippines' R & B Princess. The neighborhood is almost likened to Harlem, New York.

Contents

[edit] History

Laguna Copperplate Inscription (circa 900 AD)
Laguna Copperplate Inscription (circa 900 AD)

The former region of Tondo is over eleven hundred years old. Historically, Tondo already existed in the year 900 AD according to the Laguna Copperplate Inscription[1], a legal document written in Kawi now housed in the National Museum of the Philippines. According to this document, Tondo was ruled by person called Jayadeva who holds the Sanskrit title Senapati or "admiral".

Further information: Luzon Empire

In 1279 AD, the remnants of the Song Empire under the leadership of Grand General Zhang Shijie established Luzon Empire or "The Lesser Song Empire" (呂宋國)[2] at its capital Tungdu (traditional Chinese: 東都; pinyin: dōngdū) after their defeat from the Mongols at the Battle of Yamen[3]. Tondo became so prosperous that around the year 1500 AD, the Kingdom of Brunei attacked it and established the city of Maynila[4] on the opposite bank of Pasig River as the new capital of Luzon Empire. The traditional rulers of Tondo, the Lakandula, retained their titles and property but the real political power now resides in the House of Soliman, the Radjahs of Manila.[5]

After the Spaniards conquered the Luzon Empire in 1571 AD, Tondo was initially included in the creation of the Province of Pampanga, the first colonial province carved out of the former empire. In census conducted by Miguel de Loarca in 1583 AD, Tondo was reported to have spoken the same language as the natives of the province of Pampanga[6]. Institute of National Language commissioner Jose Villa Panganiban once wrote that the dividing line between Kapampangan and Tagalog was the Pasig River, and that Tondo therefore originally spoke Kapampangan[7]. Tondo eventually became a separate province in the later half of the Spanish colonial era.

Tondo, was one of the first provinces to declare rebellion against Spain in year 1896. In 1911, under the American tutelage, there was a major reorganization of political divisions, and the province of Tondo was dissolved, and its towns given to the provinces of Rizal and Bulacan. Today, Tondo just exists as a district in the City of Manila.

[edit] Characteristics

  • The world's most densely populated district
    • It has a land area of 5.64 km². with a population of 407,330 (2007); 72,222 persons per km².
    • Tondo II has a land area of 3.46 km². with a population of 223,274 (2007); 64,530 persons per km².
    • average residential population density: 69,297 persons per km².
    • The 6th administrative district which covers the 4 districts of Sta. Ana, Sta. Mesa, Pandacan, San Miguel has a total land area of 5.48 km². with a total population of 259,157 (2007); 47,291 persons per km².
  • It is the location of a notorious and now closed landfill called Smokey Mountain.
  • The Divisoria area, also located in Tondo, is a major business center and shopping area where dry goods, kitchen utensils, vegetables and fruits, shoes, clothing, coffee, candles, candies, fishing equipment etc., can be brought--wholesale or retail. Shoe Mart once had a small store here, as well as being the home of Yangco Market, which sells dry goods; the Divisoria Public Market, now rebuilt; and the new 168 Shopping Mall. Ambulant vendors frequent its major and minor streets.
  • It once was the location of the major Procter and Gamble plant in the Philippines at Vitas Street--now closed and dismantled.
  • The main terminal of the Philippine National Railways is located at the Tutuban district, which is close to the birthplace of Andres Bonifacio. This is now converted to a mall (Tutuban Center).
  • West of the district lies the major interisland port of Manila, North Harbor, and the Manila Container Port.
  • The slaughterhouse (matadero) of the Manila City Government is located also at Vitas Street.
  • Every third Sunday of January, the Feast of the Sto. Niño of Manila (the Infant Jesus) is celebrated by a procession early in the morning from Tondo Church and winding down its narrow streets punctuated by fireworks.
  • The Light Rail Transit (LRT) has 2 stations in the Tondo area, namely: Abad Santos and R. Papa.
  • First Disrict Congressman Atong Asilo already started his first project in Pritil Plaza, a soon to rise Livelihood and Development Building.

[edit] Sto. Nino festival

On January 19, 2008, the Sto. Niño festivals began in various parts of Metro Manila, particularly (with a fluvial parade) in Tondo, Manila. Its parish priest Fr. Enrique Santos, of the Sto. Niño Parish, said the celebration will start "with the traditional procession of devotees dancing on the street while carrying images of the Child Jesus; a pagoda carrying an old image of Sto. Niño from Spain will lead the parade with 20 smaller boats accompanying it; the parish in Tondo houses the image of Sto. Niño made of ivory that was brought to the country by Augustinian priests from Acapulco, Mexico in the late 1570’s."[8]

In the January 20, 2008 celebration of the feast of Sto. Nino, Guillermo Llanza, 32, of Velasquez St., Tondo, Julius Tarigo, 36, and Michael Banika, 32, of Area D in Parola were killed, while 5 others were wounded including PO2 Anthony Bongcal, 24, Don Bosco police, who was shot.[9]

[edit] Photos

Fruit Vendor on Juan Luna Street

Calesa, a Horse-Drawn Carriage

Pedicab ride to School

Busy street near Pritil Market

[edit] References

  1. ^ Paul Morrow's The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
  2. ^ 東西洋考
  3. ^ 宋史
  4. ^ Scott:Barangay
  5. ^ Santiago
  6. ^ Miguel de Loarca's Census of 1583
  7. ^ Panganiban
  8. ^ www.abs-cbnnews.com, Sto. Niño festivals start Saturday
  9. ^ GMA NEWS.TV, Sto. Niño Feast toll: 3 dead, 5 wounded
  • Gaspar de San Agustin, Conquistas de las Islas Philipinas 1565-1615, Translated by Luis Antonio Mañeru, 1st bilingual ed [Spanish and English], published by Pedro Galende, OSA: Intramuros, Manila, 1998
  • Henson, Mariano A. 1965. The Province of Pampanga and Its Towns: A.D. 1300-1965. 4th ed. revised. Angeles City: By the author.
  • Loarca, Miguel de. 1582. Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas. Blair and Robertson vol. 5 page 87:
  • Panganiban, J.V. 1972. Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles. Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co.
  • Mallat, Jean, Les Philippines: Histoire, Geographie, Moeurs, Agriculture, Idustrie, Commerce des colonies Espagnoles dans l’Océanie, Paris: Arthus Bertrand, Libraire de la Société de Géographie, 1846
  • Santiago, Luciano P.R., The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman [1571-1898]: Genealogy and Group Identity, Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 18 [1990]
  • Scott, William Henry, Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994
  • Scott, William Henry, Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History, Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1984

[edit] External links

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Districts of Manila
Binondo • Ermita • Intramuros • Malate • Pandacan • Paco • Port Area • Quiapo • Sampaloc • San Andres • San Miguel • San Nicolas • Santa Ana • Santa Cruz • Santa Mesa • Tondo

Coordinates: 14.617° N 120.967° E