Image:Thylakoid targeting.png

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[edit] Summary

Schematic representation of thylakoid protein targeting pathways:

• Toc and Tic: translocon of outer and inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts, respectively
• 1. SRP (signal recognition particle) pathway; required GTP and pH gradient as energy source
• 2. ΔpH/Tat pathway; requires pH gradient as energy source
• 3. Sec (secretory system) pathway; required ATP as energy source
• not shown: spontaneous insertion of transmembrane proteins requiring no energy source

Chloroplast targeting peptide shown in yellow is cleaved off by a processing protease after entering the chloroplast. Thylakoid targeting peptide shown in blue may be cleaved off (lumenal proteins) or not (membrane proteins).

(source: loosely based on Figure 1 from Gutensohn et al., 2006, J Plant Physiol 163: 333-347; created using Powerpoint)

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