User:Tenmei/Sandbox/Shōdoshima

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

< User:Tenmei

Qu'est-ce qu'il y a ici?

North 北門, きたもん, kitamon

South 南門, なんもん, nanmon

"Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos

met with his Japanese counterpart, Yasuo Fukuda
received a delegation of the "Bill & Melinda Gates" Foundation
had a dinner granted by the chairperson of the Japan/Angola Parliamentary League, the Japanese senator Tetsuro Yano.
inaugurated together with the deputy prefect of Yokohama, Hiroshi Sasaki, a mural by the Angolan plastic artists, namely Dom Sebas, Marco Ntangu, Matondo Alberto and Tozé, at a metro-station."^[1]

1 Text
2 Origins
3 Copyright term dispute
4 Notes
5 References
6 See also
7 External links

[edit] Text

(diff) (hist) . . Aozora Bunko‎; 01:01 . . (-3,550) . . Prosfilaes (Talk | contribs) (No arguments against WP:Coatrack have ever been offered; citations should be deleted when the text they are attached to is deleted)

Aozora Bunko (青空文庫, the "Open Air Library") is a Japanese digital library of several thousands of works of Japanese-language fiction and non-fiction that are either out-of-copyright or that the authors wish to make freely available. Since 1997, Aozora Bunko has been both the compiler and publisher of a evolving on-line catalog.^[2] In 2006, Aozora Bunko organized to take on an added role as a public policy advocate in order to protect its current and anticipated catalog of freely accessible e-books.^[3]

[edit] Origins

Aozora Bunko was created on the Internet in 1997 to make available for free literary works whose copyrights have expired. The driving force which made the project possible was Michio Tomita, who was motivated by the simple belief that people with a common interest should cooperate with each other.^[4]

In Japan, Aozora Bunko has been considered similar to Project Gutenberg.^[5] The on-line resources are searchable by category, author, or title; and there is a considerable amount of support in how to use the database in the form of detailed explanations. The files can be downloaded in PDF format or simply viewed in HTML format.^[2]

Most of the texts provided are Japanese literature and translations from English literature. This digital library ultimately plans to include 6,000+ works on the site.^[5]

Aozora Bunko has joined with others in organizing to oppose changes in Japanese copyright law, and that opposition has led to encouraging Japanese citizens to submit letters and petitions to the Japanese Cultural Affairs Agency and to members of the Diet.^[3]

[edit] Copyright term dispute

Japan and other countries have accepted the terms of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, an 1886 international agreement about common copyright policies. Japan and other countries with laws which do not go beyond the minimum copyright terms of the Berne Convention have copyrights which run for the lifetime of the author plus 50 years. Aozora Bunko advocates in favor of construing this status quo as preferable to changes proposed by a number of powerful forces.^[3]

In the period since Aozora Bunko was founded, variations in national copyright laws have sometimes become the subject of dispute.^[6] Some organized groups and internationally known public figures like John Lennon's widow, Yoko Ono, and Elvis Presley's daughter, Lisa Marie Presley, are seeking to persuade national governments to make changes in copyright laws in Japan, including lengthening the terms of copyright protection. A term popularized in the EU and the US is "life+70 years" or copyrights for the lifetime of the author plus 70 years. Aozora Bunko is opposed to the proposed "life+70 years" modification of Japanese copyright laws.^[5]

The merits of arguments in this difficult and evolving controversy are complex.^[7] For Aozora Bunko, the unintended consequences which could plausibly flow from such disputes and their corollaries are coming into sharper focus as technology causes the subtle balance between authors and readers, creators and consumers to be moderately or severely disturbed. The way in which these issues are resolved is likely to affect the ways in which people can enjoy an array of creative products -- not just books or music.^[8] The arguments in these disputes also focus attention on the possibly underestimated effects which may develop in terms of producing new copyrighted material and in terms of the advance of technology.^[9]

The evolution of Aozora Bunko from a digital library to a public-policy advocacy organization is an unintended consequence which developed only after the perceived threat to the Aozora Bunko catalog became otherwise unavoidable.^[5]

Digital Libraries like Aozora Bunko make Japan’s rich cultural heritage available worldwide for the first time and specific support structures that are evolving to enhance access to and use of these resources. Broader awareness and understanding of the role of access resources in digital libraries has implications for information literacy programs.^[10]

[edit] Notes

^ "Angola: Prime Minister Leaves Japan," Angola Press Agency' (Luanda). May 31, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Intute: Intute web site, Aozora Bunko project description
^ ^a ^b ^c Aozora Bunko (in Japanese
^ "Electronic Library National Liaison Conference FY2003," National Diet Library Newsletter. No. 30, April 2003.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tamura, Aya. "Novelists, others want copyright protection extended," Japan Times Online. September 30, 2006.
^ Pollack, Andrew. "International Business; Japan Is Pressed to Extend Music Copyright Protection," New York Times. February 6, 1996; "The Media Business;Japan to Heed Copyright Law on Music," New York Times. February 28, 1996.
^ Open Rights Group. (2006). Video of panel debate: Should the term of copyright protection on sound recordings be extended? Southhampton Law School.
^ Cohen, Adam. "The Intellectual Imperialists," New York Times. April 4, 2004; Weber, Bruce. "Harvey Schein, Promoter of Betamax at Sony, Dies at 80," New York Times. May 15, 2008.
^ Bovens, Andreas. (2005). "Closed Architectures for Content Distribution," Japan Media Review (University of Southern California, Annenberg School for Communication), 2005; Bovens, A. (2004). Yale University Conference, "Reproduction in Modern Japan" -- presentation abstract
^ Donovan, Maureen H. (2006). Accessing Japanese Digital Libraries: Three Case Studies - abstract.

[edit] References

Bovens, Andreas. (2005). "Closed Architectures for Content Distribution," Japan Media Review (University of Southern California, Annenberg School for Communication); Yale University Conference (2004), "Reproduction in Modern Japan" -- paper abstract
Donovan, Maureen H. (2006). Accessing Japanese Digital Libraries: Three Case Studies. Berlin: Springer. 13-ISBN 978-3-540-49375-4
Lessig, Lawrence. (2004). Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York: Penguin Press. 10-ISBN 1-594-20006-8; 13-ISBN 978-1-594-20006-9 (cloth)
Tamura, Aya. "Novelists, others want copyright protection extended," Japan Times Online. September 30, 2006.
Tomita, Michio. "Enable Library, Aozora Bunko as an 'Enable Library'," Gendai no Toshokan. Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 176-181 (1999).
__________. "Dream of perpetual Aozora Bunko, a private electronic library," Art research (Ritsumeikan University). Vol.2, pp. 49-56 (2001).
Yamamoto, Shuichiro. "What Is Knowledge That Generates Value?" Science Links Japan web site (2008).

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

(Japanese)青空文庫 zip and html files of Japanese literature in Aozora Bunko.
(Japanese)うわづら文庫 Uwazura Bunko of the Aozora Bunko are bigger size pdf files of Japanese literature, not the same as those zip and html files in Aozora Bunko.