Siesta
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A siesta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsjesta]) is a short nap taken in the early afternoon, often after the midday meal. Such a period of sleep is a common tradition in some countries, particularly those where the weather is warm. The word siesta is Spanish, from the Latin hora sexta - "the sixth hour" (counting from dawn, therefore noon, hence "midday rest").
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[edit] Origins of the Iberian siesta
The siesta is the traditional daily sleep of the Iberian peninsula and, through Spanish influence, of many Latin American countries. Afternoon sleep is also a common habit in the Philippines, China, Vietnam, India, Italy, Greece, Croatia, Malta, the Middle East and North Africa.[citation needed] In these countries, the heat can be unbearable in the early afternoon, making a midday break in the comfort of one's home ideal. However, in some countries where naps are taken, such as Northern Spain, Southern Argentina, and Chile, the climate is similar to that of Canada and Northern Europe. In many areas with this habit, it is common to have the largest meal of the day in the very early afternoon, as is practical and common in farming.
The original concept of a siesta seems to have been merely that of a midday break intended to allow people to spend time with their friends and family. It has been suggested that the long length of the modern siesta dates back to the Spanish Civil War, when poverty resulted in many Spaniards working multiple jobs at irregular hours, pushing back meals to later in the afternoon and evening.1 However, this hypothesis sounds unlikely, considering that the siesta tradition was very common in Latin America and other countries with Hispanic influence, much before the Spanish Civil War.
Although colonized by Portugal, covering a large part of South America, and clearly dominated by equatorial to tropical climate, Brazil stands in cultural contrast, not having adopted the afternoon nap.
[edit] Biological need for naps
Older, pre-teenage children are usually incapable of napping, but acquire the ability to nap as teenagers.[1]
The timing of sleep in humans depends upon a balance between homeostatic sleep propensity, the need for sleep as a function of the amount of time elapsed since the last adequate sleep episode, and circadian rhythms which determine the ideal timing of a correctly structured and restorative sleep episode. The homeostatic pressure to sleep starts growing upon awakening. The circadian signal for wakefulness starts building in the (late) afternoon. As Harvard professor of sleep medicine Charles A. Czeisler puts it:
- "The circadian system is set up in a beautiful way to override the homeostatic drive for sleep."[2]
Thus, in many people, there is a dip when the drive for sleep has been building for hours and the drive for wakefulness hasn't started yet. This is, again quoting Czeisler, "a great time for a nap." The drive for wakefulness intensifies through the evening, making it difficult to get to sleep 2-3 hours before one's usual bedtime when the wake maintenance zone ends.
In some individuals, postprandial dip, a brief drop in blood glucose levels caused by the body's normal insulin response to a heavy meal, may produce drowsiness after the meal that can encourage a nap. However, the appearance of the dip is primarily circadian as it occurs also in the absence of the meal.
[edit] Siesta in other cultures
The concept of a midday nap is also prominent in other tropical or subtropical countries, where the afternoon heat dramatically reduces work productivity. The Washington Post of February 13, 2007 reports at length on studies in Greece that indicate that those who nap have less risk of heart attack. [1]
In South Asia, the idea of a post-lunch nap is common, and the idea of going to sleep after a light massage with mustard oil to induce drowsiness was very popular before industrialization. It was also very popular to consume a light snack during this ritual; it was thought that this practice would make one a better person.[citation needed] In Bangladesh and Indian Bengal, the word which describes the concept is bhat-ghum, literally meaning "rice-sleep" (nap after consuming rice).
Afternoon sleep is also a common habit in China and Taiwan. This is called xiuxi or wushui in Chinese. Its main difference from the siesta is that it lasts between two and three hours. It occurs after the midday meal and is even a constitutional right (article 43, Right to rest). Almost all schools in Mainland China and Taiwan have a half-hour '"nap period'" right after lunch. This is a time when all lights are out and one is not allowed to do anything else than sleep.
Some Japanese offices have special rooms known as napping rooms for their workers to take a nap during lunch break or after overtime work.
In Islam, it is encouraged to take a short nap around 15-30 minutes before the time for Dhuhr prayers, with the intention of doing tahajjud later in the night.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Dement, William (1999). The Promise of Sleep. Dell Publishing, 113-115. ISBN 0-440-50901-7.
- ^ Lambert, Craig, Ph.D. (July-August 2005). "Deep into Sleep. While researchers probe sleep’s functions, sleep itself is becoming a lost art". Harvard Magazine.
[edit] External links
- Why We Could All Do with a Siesta - An article about research results from the University of Manchester
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