Sevvostlag

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Mask of Sorrow, Magadan, in memoriam of Kolyma inmates
Mask of Sorrow, Magadan, in memoriam of Kolyma inmates

Sevvostlag (Russian: Северо-восточные исправительно-трудовые лагеря, Севвостлаг, СВИТЛ, North-Eastern Corrective Labor Camps) was a system of forced labor camps set up to satisfy the workforce requirements of the Dalstroy construction trust in the Kolyma region in April 1932. Organizationally being part of Daltroy and under the management of the Labor and Defence Council of Sovnarkom, these camps were formally subordinated to OGPU later the NKVD directorate of the Far Eastern Krai. On March 4, 1938 Sevvostlag was resubordinated to the NKVD GULAG. In 1942 it was resubrdinated back to Dalstroy. In 1949 it was renamed to the Directorate of Dalstroy Corrective Labor Camps (Управление исправительно-трудовых лагерей Дальстроя). In 1953, after the death of Joseph Stalin, with the reform of the Soviet penal system, it was again resubordinated to Gulag and later reformed into the Directorate of Far Eastern Corrective Labor Camps Управление Северо-восточных исправительно-трудовых лагерей, УСВИТЛ (USVITL).

The inmates served the whole set of works of Dalstroy, the major ones being gold mining and road construction, including the infamous Kolyma Highway.

Notable inmates include Osip Mandelshtam, a poet.

[edit] Management and headquarters

Road construction by inmates of Sevvostlag
Road construction by inmates of Sevvostlag
  • R. Vaskov (Р.И. Васьков) - (11.03.32 - 09.28.34)
  • I. Filippov (И.Г. Филиппов) - captain of state security (09.28.34 - 12.21.37)
  • S. Garanin (С.Н. Гаранин) - (12.21.37 - 09.27.38)
  • A. Vishnevetsky (А.А. Вишневецкий) - captain of state security (02.16.40 — 02.19.41)
  • E. Drabkin (Драбкин, Евекль Иделевич) - colonel of state security (05.19.41 - 03.13.45)
  • N. Titov (Н.Ф. Титов) - Major General (03.13.45 - 07.27.48)
  • A. Derevyanko (А.А. Деревянко) - Major General (07.27.48 - 05.03.51)

The management was initially headquartered in the Srednikan settlement (now Ust-Srednekan, Magadan Oblast). Since 1937 it was moved to the Nagayev Bay (ru:Бухта Нагаева, now Magadan Oblast), and eventually to Magadan.

[edit] Stricture and prisoners


Prisoners at the Sevvostlag[1]
Year Number Year Number
1932 11,100 1944 76,388
1934 29,659 1945 87,335
1935 36,313 1946 69,389
1936 48,740 1947 79,613
1937 70,414 1948 106,893
1938 90,741 1949 108,685
1939 138,170 1950 131,317
1940 190,309 1951 157,001
1941 179,041 1952 170,557
1942 147,976
1943 99,843
Figures for 1 January for each year.
Figure for 1932 for December

Sevvostlag was the sole administration for the whole system of the forced labor of Dalstroy. The numerous labor camps usually mentioned for Kolyma and Dalstroy were formally referred to as subcamps ("camp subsivisions", лагерные подразделения) attached (but not subordinated) to the corresponding production units. Until 1950s the only exceptions were camps on the periphery of Kolyma, which while servicing Dalstroy, were either detached from or attached to Sevostlag at various times. [2]

During 1945-1949 there was a subcamp for the Japanese POW in Magadan, counting 3, 479 by January 1, 1949.[2]

[edit] Notes

Specific
  1. ^ СВИТЛ, from the reference book "The System of Corrective Labor Camps in the USSR" (Russian)
  2. ^ a b History of Dalstroy (Russian)
General