Sahiwal District
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sahiwal District | |
 Location of Sahiwal in Punjab. |
|
| Area | km² |
| Population (1998) • Density |
1,843,194 • /km² |
| Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
| Established • District Nazim • District Naib Nazim • District Council • Number of Tehsils |
• Rai Hassan Nawaz • • seats • |
| Main language(s) | |
| Website | www.sahiwal.gov.pk |
Sahiwal District (Urdu: ساہیوال) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It had a population of 1,843,194 of which 16.27% were urban in 1998[1]. The town of Sahiwal is the capital of this district.
[edit] History
The city and district was original known as Montgomery as the city of Sahiwal was founded in 1865 by Sir Robert Montgomery, then Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab. It took its current name in 1966.
[edit] 2008 elections
On 18th Feb 2008 General Elections were held Pakistan. In Sahiwal Districts - 11 seats were contested - four for the National Assembly and seven for the Provincial Assembly.
The results were as follows:
- NA-160: Imran Shah 59,000 votes defeated Nouraiz Shakoor 31,137 votes & Anwar-ul-Haq 27,728 votes.
- NA-161: Ghulam Farid Kathia 38,455 votes defeated Ch.Ashraf 34,386 votes.
- NA-162: Ch.Zahid Iqbal 66,382 votes defeated Rai Aziz-Ullah 62,277 votes.
- NA-163: Malik Nauman Langrial defeated Beagam Shehnaz Javaid.
- PP220: Pir Walayat Shah Khagga
- PP221: Malik Nadeem Kamran
- PP222: Jalal Dhaku
- PP223: Hafeez Akhtar
- PP224: Shahzad Saeed Cheema
- PP225: Ch.Muhammad Arshad
- PP226: Malik Iqbal Langrial
[edit] Location
Sahiwal District is located in the southeast of Punjab, in the former Multan Division and lies between 30-40 north latitude and 73-06 longitude. It is approximately 500 ft above sea level. It roughly forms a parallelogram lying generally NE-SW along the Ravi River. It is approximately 100 km from east to west and 45 km from the northwestern boundary of the district of Sahiwal, Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh. The dead River Khushak Bias separates it from the district of Pakpattan. On the eastern side, Okara District is situated. While on the district the boundaries of Khanewal and Vehari District and on the southern side is Pakpattan district. Where is shrine of one of the famous sufi Hazrat Baba Fareed Shaker Gunj.
[edit] Administration
Sahiwal District now consists of 531 villages in two subdivisions. Sahiwal District is spread over an area of 3201 km² and comprises two tehsils, Sahiwal and Chichawatni. Sahiwal District also contains many subtowns like Qadirabad, Yousafwala, Iqbalnagar, Kassowal, Noorshah, Harappa and Ghaziabad. There are transport connections via road and Pakistan railways to Lahore, and a regional airport under construction, Sahiwal Airport.
[edit] Agriculture
Agriculture is important to the local economy, particularly the growing of cotton and grain. Cattle are also kept and Sahiwal is famous for its water buffalo milk and one of the ancient civilization on archaeological evidence dated 3000 to 5000 B.C. 15 miles southwest from downtown in suburb of Harapa which was the northern city of Indus Valley Civilization[2].
[edit] Harappa
Harrapa is today a large village in the Sahiwal District of Punjab, 15 miles southwest of the district town. Archaeologists think that ancient Harappa was the urban centre dominating the upper Indus region, much like Mohenjo-daro dominated the lower Indus Valley and Ganweriwala might have been the urban centre for what is now Rajasthan. The site at Harappa was first briefly excavated by Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1872-73, two decades after brick robbers carried off the visible remains of the city. He found an Indus seal of unknown origin.
The first extensive excavations at Harappa were started by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni in 1920. His work and contemporaneous excavations at Mohenjo-daro first brought to the world's attention the existence of the forgotten Indus Valley civilization as the earliest urban culture in the Indian subcontinent. His work was followed later in the decade by that of Madho Sarup Vats, also of the Archaeological Survey of India. Excavations by other archaeologists continued in the 1930's, and in 1946 Sir Mortimer Wheeler excavated the so-called fortification walls and found the first pre-Indus Valley civilization (Kot Dijian) deposits. After independence in 1947 and coming in District Sahiwal of Province of Punjab, Pakistan, Harappa was excavated by Mohammed Rafique Mughal of the Archaeological Survey of Pakistan in 1966.
In 1986, the first systematic, multi-disciplinary excavations of an Indus Valley city were begun by the Harappa Archaeological Project (HARP), under the direction of George F. Dales and Jonathan Mark Kenoyer. The main features of the plan, the citadel on the west and the mounds of the ‘lower city’ towards the east and southeast have already been indicated. To the north a slightly hollowed belt containing notably green crops marks an old bed of the Ravi River. Today the river flows six miles further north. Between the citadel and the riverbed, Mound F has been found to contain a remarkable and significant piece of town planning; to the south of the citadel lie the outlying hills, the Harappan cemetery and the post Harappan cemetery. To the southeast, sporadic digging has been carried out in Area G, but the ragged Mound E and its surroundings are virtually unexplored. There is an enormous amount still to be learned about the site, most of which remains unexcavated. The earliest deposits on the site go back to 5300 B.C. and the area seems to have been continuously inhabited ever since. Archaeological evidence is the key to understanding Harappa’s past. Although Harappa continues to be the centre of historical debate, further archaeological explanations may some day reveal the validity or inaccuracy in the historical accounts of Harappa. Regardless of its impact on written history, archaeology will continue to reveal the way of life for Harappa's inhabitants.
[edit] Sahiwal dairy cattle breed
The Sahiwal breed is the best dairy breed of zebu or humped cattle (Bos indicus), followed by the very similar Red Sindhi and Butana breeds. See photos [3]. It originated in the dry Punjab region which lies along the Indian-Pakistani border. They were once kept in large herds by professional herdsmen called "Jaanglees". However, with the introduction of irrigation to the region they began to be kept in smaller numbers by the farmers of the region, who used them as draft and dairy animals. The Sahiwal is one of the best dairy breeds in India and Pakistan. It is tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its high resistance to parasites, both internal and external. Cows average 2270 kg. of milk during a lactation while suckling a calf and much higher milk yields have been recorded. Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production they have been exported to other Asian countries as well as Africa and the Caribbean. As oxen they are generally docile and lethargic, making them more useful for slow work. Their colour can range from reddish brown through to the more predominant red, with varying amounts of white on the neck, and the underline. In males the colour darkens towards the extremities, such as the head, legs and tails. Sahiwal breed arrived in Australia via New Guinea in the early 1950’s. In Australia, the Sahiwal breed was initially selected as a dual-purpose breed. It played a valuable role in the development of the two Australian tropical dairy breeds, the Australian milking zebu and the Australian Fresian Sahiwal. Sahiwal breeds are now predominantly used in Australia for beef production, as crossing high-grade Sahiwal sires with Bos taurus animals produced a carcass of lean quality with desirable fat cover.
The Sahiwal breed is the heaviest milker of all zebu breeds and displays a well-developed udder. It demonstrates the ability to sire small, fast-growing calves and is noted for its hardiness under unfavourable climatic conditions. [4] [5] [6]
[edit] Climate
The climate of Sahiwal district is extremely hot, reaching 52 degrees Celsius in summer, and cold in winter, down to -5C. The soil of the district is very fertile. The average rainfall is about 2000 mm. See Latest Sahiwal Weather at [7] and [8] [9]
[edit] Major industries
It is famous for its cotton ginning & pressing, tannery, textile spinning, textile weaving, leather products, garments, pharmaceuticals, flour mills, food industry, oil mills, tobacco, vegetable ghee/cooking oil, biscuit plants, chip board, confectionery, and woollen textile spinning/weaving, etc. Sahiwal is a major multi-crop area of Pakistan, that is why there are so many Pesticide companies doing their business. Its main crops are wheat, cotton, sugarcane, maize and rice. Main fruits are citrus, mangoes and guava. Sahiwal is a green and fertile town with 11,522 acres under naturally grown forests, the biscuit industry is also popular.
[edit] Sahiwal District Jail
The Sahiwal District Jail is one of the ancient jails in Punjab. It was depicted in one of the famous Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) drama Jangloos. A famous Urdu poet Faiz Ahmad Faiz wrote a major part of his poetry while he was in Sahiwal Jail as a political prisoner. A new high security jail is under construction besides central jail.
[edit] Educational institutes
Sahiwal houses several educational institutes of quality. Divisional Public School (DPS) and St. Mary's Convent School are the leading high schools of the city. Other notable schools are Government High School, Government High School Urban Area and Comprehensive High School. Government Pilot Higher Secondary School and Junior Model High School are for girls only. Government College for Women, Sahiwal also contains now Baha-u-Deen Zikria university (BZU)sub-campus.
A lot is being planned for education sector in Sahiwal. BZU Multan is planning its separate sub-campus in Sahiwal. Land has been acquired for this purpose. It is hoped that the university will be complete in two years and will be called 'University of Sahiwal'.
Virtual university has opened its private campus in Sahiwal, and offers distant learning programmes. It is situated near the government college sahiwal. Please visit the site Virtual University
The sub-campus of COMSATS (an information technology and computer science college based in Lahore)is already under construction at Sahiwal. Also KEMU (King Edward Medical University Lahore) is planning its sub-campus here.
The private sector is playing a major role in primary education: renowned schools in this regard are The Educators, The Beaconhouse School System, Bloom Field, The City School and Pre-Forces Cadet School. A new building of The City School is under construction in front of Comprehensive School Sahiwal. After completion it will be the largest private school campus in Sahiwal. Another new school established in 2007 is Dare-Aqram Model School 3
The Educators College has separate campuses for boys and girls.
[edit] Nobel Prize winner
This district has the honour that Pakistan's only Nobel Prize winner was born in this district. The only Pakistani Nobel laureate, Dr. Abdus Salam FRS KBE, was born in Santokdas, District Sahiwal, according to his elder sister and his obituary[10]. He was brought up in Jhang, therefore it is erroneously assumed that he was also born there. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievements in the field of Theoretical Physics in 1979. He is buried at Rabwah city of Jhang district.
One of the founding forefathers of modern Urdu literature, Majeed Amjad, was born in Sahiwal and got his education from Government College Lahore. He was inspired by the greenery of Sahiwal and wrote about the trees and greenery of Sahiwal. There is also a park named after his name.
[edit] Nazim
The District Nazim (District Mayor) of Sahiwal is Rai Hassan Nawaz, while the Tehsil Nazim (Tehsil Mayor) of Sahiwalis Muhammad Umar Ishaq Chaudary.
[edit] Politicians and people
One of the old political families of Sahiwal is the Rajput Chaudharys. They have been part of Local, Provincial and National level Politics of Sahiwal, Punjab and Pakistan for last 55 years. After partition in 1947, the late Abdul Shakoor moved from India to Pakistan at 'Sahiwal'. In late 1960s, he became the first Vice-Chairman of the Union Council, Sahiwal and later the Chairman of District Council, Sahiwal. His friendship with late Zulfikar Ali Bhutto made him join Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in 1968. He contested twice on PPP MPA ticket in 1971 and 1973 later he died in 1983. His son, Chaudhry Nouraiz Shakoor Khan contested all MNA elections from 1985-2008 on PPP ticket except 1985 and 2008. He has been elected thrice in 1988, 1993 and 2002 as a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan. Nouraiz, later formed PPPP-Patriots in 2002 and became the Senior Vice President of the party. He joined Pakistan Muslim League (PML) in 2006.
During his time as Cabinet Minister, he rendered dedicated services as Parliamentary Secretary for Communications in 1993-95, as the Federal Minister of State for Communications and Youth Affairs in 1995-97. He then held the office of the Federal Minister for Petroleum and Natural Resources from 2002-04. From 2005-2007, he held the portfolio of Minister of Science and Technology. He is an Advocate and an Agriculturist by profession. He is one of the senior most politicians of Pakistan who has a strong visionary political background. In 2002, his cousin Rana Aftab Ahmed got elected on a PPP ticket as a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab. He also contested in 1997 as MPA on the same PPP ticket but lost. After winning the elections in 2002, he also joined PPPP-Patriots co-founded by Nouraiz. From 2003-2007, he served in the Provincial Cabinet of Punjab as Parliamentary Secretary for Agriculture Marketing and Production. Nouraizs' other cousin, Chaudhary Iftikhar Ahmed holds their family Nazim seat in his village. This Nazim seat has been won by Chaudhary's for last 50 years.
In his life long services as a triumphant political leader Ch. Nouraiz Shakoor held the membership of Standing Committee on Finance Economics Affairs in 1988-90 and 1993-96, Standing Committee on Production 1988-90, Standing Committee on Planning and Development 1993-96 and the Parliamentary Kashmir Committee 1993-96.
Being on these titles Ch. Nouraiz Shakoor attended many national and international Conferences, Workshops and Seminars as the part and leader of the delegations. He has represented Pakistan on many official tours around the World and has visited regions within U.S.A, Europe and Asia.
[edit] Farid Town, Sahiwal
Farid Town, Sahiwal is a new development that started sometime in the late 1950s. Government College for boys was built at the "entrance" of this town. The town grew overnight when the well-to-do of the city wanted to enjoy the suburban lifestyle. The larger tracts of individual homes were first bought out by the wealthy and as you proceeded towards the inside of this town the areas got smaller. Downtown is of the largest mosque surrounded by a circle of road on the outskirts of which shops sprung up. One can compare it with any advanced Towns in the Country having almost all the best facilities of living. Farid Town is the best town in Sahiwal. Also over 97% population of this town is educated. A vast majority of people now moving abroad for higher education.
[edit] Kot Khadim Ali Shah, Sahiwal
Kot Khadim Ali Shah is the oldest colony of Sahiwal. It is located on the main Sahiwal-Faisalabad road. This colony is distributed into eleven streets and each street is long enough even up to 30 blocks each. Kot Khadim Ali Shah has the largest Wood Market named as "Lakkar Mandi Sahiwal". This market is trading timber and furniture woods all over the Pakistan. District Head Quarters Hospital is located in this area.
[edit] Tariq Bin Ziad (TBZ) Colony, Sahiwal
Tariq Bin Ziad colony is the most beautiful housing scheme of Sahiwal. It is located beside Bilal colony and Faridia Park. Clean streets and beautiful homes are the scene of Tariq Bin Ziad Colony.
[edit] Twin town
Sahiwal is twinned with the town of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England.
[edit] Broadcast media
There are various radio and cable networks broadcasting in the city, such as Sun Rise FM 96 Sahiwal radio and cable networks like Voltas Cable Network, GEO Cable Network and Galaxy Cable network. The main companies providing dial-up internet facility such are BrainNet and CyberNet. Moreover World Call Wireless has also started its operation in Sahiwal. World Call provides wireless telephones at low call rates and wireless internet facility which is much faster than the dial-up service providers in the city.
On every main crossing of Sahiwal there is a closed circuit TV camera monitoring 24 days a week for security purposes.
Recently, Wateen Telecom has also opened its office in Sahiwal. Wateen offers landline telephone, cellular phone, HQ television, high-speed internet and WiMax, which is even faster than DSL and broadband. This would mean more choice for the residents of Sahiwal, when it comes to entertainment options.
[edit] Sahiwal on the Information Super Highway
Now Sahiwal is also on Information Super Highway after getting High Speed DSL Internet Facility by Multi net. A lot more development in being done in the field of IT and Telecoms. Sahiwal is also connect with backbone fiber that connect all major cities of Pakistan. All Government Schools in Sahiwal have latest PIV Based Computer Lab from IT and Computer Labs Project Government of Punjab. Roughly one million rupees is spent on each lab. These furnished labs contain 16 Latest PIV (Core 2 Duo) Computer, Air Conditioner , Printer and Internet Facility. Each Lab has dedicated IT Staff including IT Teacher working on 17 Scale and Lab In charge). The Government hoped that this project will defiantly improve the IT Education Standard in Sahiwal.
[edit] Hospitals
The District Hospital commonly known as the Civil Hospital is the largest hospital of Sahiwal. It has a nursing school and also offers different laboratory courses. Many well known doctors of the city have served their House Jobs here. However adequate medical facilities, especially emergency specialist equipment, are often not available and patients are referred to Lahore (the capital city of the Punjab), which is inconvenient and risky.
Another notable and renowned hospital is the Christian Hospital. Also Mir Wilayat Hussain Zaidi Maternity Hospital is one of the pioneers.
Shaukat Khanam Lab, Agha Khan Lab, Zeenat Lab and numerous other private laboratories are functioning in the city.Private Clinics of doctors are numerous and in good business.
[edit] Villages of Sahiwal
the most famous village of sahiwal is 6/14.L. the most famous for agriculture. a lot of garlic is cultivated here which fulfils the needs of many big cities of te pakistan. it is situated near the tehseel CHICHAWATNI. the nearest city of this village is kassowal.
There are many villages in Sahiwal, named as 86-6R, 90-9L, these villages are named by the division of LOYAR BAARI DUWAAB, the letter at the end of these villages' names shows the situation of the village that either it is on the left side of canal or on the right side.chak no 56/G.D & Chak No 52A/GD Chaki Muzffar Shah.
[edit] References
- ^ Urban Resource Centre - Population Table
- ^ Harappa
- ^ Synthetic Dairy Breed Proposal
- ^ 1-Handbook of Australian Livestock, Australian Meat & Livestock Corporation,1989, 3rd Edition 2-Genus Bos: Cattle Breeds of the World, 1985, MSO-AGVET (Merck & Co., Inc.), Rahway, N.J. 3-Mason, I.L. 1996. A World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties. Fourth Edition. C.A.B International. 273 pp.
- ^ Sahiwal Cattle
- ^ Research Centre for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle
- ^ f.html Sahiwal Weather
- ^ AccuWeather.com Weather: Local Weather Forecasts & International Weather
- ^ Sāhīwāl, PAK Weather - Forecasts, Radar Maps, Video, and News
- ^ T. W. B. Kibble, "Muhammad Abdus Salam, K. B. E., (29 January 1926-21 November 1996)" Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 44, Nov., 1998 (Nov., 1998), pp. 386-401.)
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