Sage writing
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Sage writing is a genre of creative nonfiction popular in the Victorian era. Sage writing is a development from ancient wisdom literature in which the writer, speaking from a presumed position of moral authority, chastises and instructs the reader about contemporary social issues, often utilizing discourses of philosophy, history, politics, and economics in non-technical ways. Prominent examples of the genre include writings by Thomas Carlyle, Matthew Arnold, John Ruskin, and Henry David Thoreau. Some 20th century writers, such as Joan Didion and New Journalists such as Norman Mailer and Tom Wolfe, have also been identified as sage writers.
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[edit] Characteristics
The sage writer makes non-logical arguments about contemporary social issues, drawing from various forms of modern knowledge and traditional wisdom. Sage writing can be distinguished from traditional wisdom literature in that "Whereas the pronouncements of traditional wisdom literature always take as their point of departure the assumption that they embody the accepted, received wisdom of an entire society, the pronouncements of the biblical prophet and Victorian sage begin with the assumption that, however traditional their messages may once have been, they are now forgotten or actively opposed by society."[1] The sage borrows from the Old Testament prophets what George Landow identifies as a four part strategy of "interpretation, attack upon the audience (or those in authority), warning, and visionary promise."[2]
[edit] Influences
Sage writing is a development of wisdom literature drawing much of its energy from the style of Old Testament prophets such as Jeremiah and Isaiah; notably, sage writer Matthew Arnold was once referred to as an "Elegant Jeremiah".[3]. Victorianist George Landow also lists sermon writing, satire, and British and German Romantic poetry as formative influences.
[edit] Major Sage Texts
- Thomas Carlyle - "Signs of the Times" (1829); Past and Present (1843); Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850)
- Matthew Arnold - Culture and Anarchy (1869)
- John Ruskin - The Stones of Venice (1851-3); Unto this Last (1860)
- Henry David Thoreau - Life Without Principle; (1854); Slavery in Massachusetts (1854); A Plea for Captain John Brown (1859)
- Norman Mailer - The Armies of the Night (1968)
- Joan Didion - Slouching Towards Bethlehem (1968)
[edit] References
- Holloway, John. The Victorian Sage: Studies in Argument. London: Macmillan, 1953.
- Landow, George. Elegant Jeremiahs: The Sage from Carlyle to Mailer. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1986.
- Eds. Levine, George and Madden, William. The Art of Victorian Prose NY: Oxford University Press, 1968.
- Peterson, Linda H. "Sage Writing." In A Companion to Victorian Literature and Culture. Ed. Herbert F. Tucker. Boston: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1999.
