Roundhouse (dwelling)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A reconstruction of an Iron Age celtic roundhouse.

The roundhouse is a type of house with a circular plan, built in western Europe before the Roman occupation. The wall was made either of stone or of wooden posts joined by wattle-and-daub panels, and the roof was conical and thatched.

1 Experimental archaeology
2 Modern simulations
3 Post-Roman roundhouses
4 See also
5 External links

[edit] Experimental archaeology

Most of what is assumed about these structures is derived from the layout of the post-holes, although a few timbers have been found preserved in bogs. The rest has been filled in by experimental archaeology, which has shown the most likely form and function of the buildings. For example, experiments have shown that a conical roof with a pitch of about 45 degrees would have been the strongest design. It has also been shown that, although a fire would have been lit inside for heating and cooking, there could not have been a smoke hole in the apex of the roof, for this would have caused an updraft that would have rapidly set fire to the thatch. Instead, smoke would have accumulated harmlessly inside the roof space, and slowly leaked out through the thatch.

[edit] Modern simulations

Reconstructed crannog on Loch Tay, Scotland

Many modern simulations of roundhouses have been built, for example at:

Butser Ancient Farm, Hampshire, England
Bodrifty Iron Age Settlement, Cornwall, England
Brigantium Archeaological Centre, Rochester, Northumberland
Castell Henllys, Pembrokeshire, Wales
Flag Fen near Peterborough, England
Mellor roundhouse reconstruction, Greater Manchester, England
Peat Moors Visitors Centre, Somerset, England
St Fagans National History Museum, South Glamorgan, Wales
Tatton Iron Age roundhouse and pit, Cheshire, England
Scottish Crannog Centre, roundhouse reconstruction on a man made island, Loch Tay, Perthshire, Scotland

[edit] Post-Roman roundhouses

The palloza of the Ancares mountains in Galicia, Spain is similar but with stone walls. These buildings are described as "pre-Roman" but were used in remote areas until the second half of the 20th Century. In northern Scotland, an architectural family built roundhouses of stone known as Atlantic Roundhouses.