Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands)
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The Revolutionary Socialist Party (in Dutch: Revolutionair Socialistische Partij, RSP) was a dutch left-communist political party.
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[edit] Party History
[edit] Predecessors: RSV & SP
The oldest predecessor of the Revolutionary Socialist Party is the Revolutionary Socialist Union (Dutch: Revolutionair Socialistisch Verbond; RSV), a group of dissidents from the Communist Party Holland (CPH) led by Henk Sneevliet. Another predecessor is the Socialist Party (Dutch: Socialistische Partij; SP), a syndicalist party, which was closely linked to the anarcho-syndicalist trade union National Workers' Secretariat (NAS).
[edit] Foundation
In 1929 former members of both the Revolutionary Socialist Union and the Socialist Party founded the Revolutonary Socialist Party. Both parties opposed both the reformist social-democracy of the SDAP and the authoritarian, stalinist communism of the CPH. A leading person in the foundation was Henk Sneevliet, a prominent former member of CPH and an associate of Leon Trotsky. The Central Intelligence Service, the Dutch secret service at the time, attributed the foundation of the RSP to Sneevliets personal need for power and glory, from which he was blocked in the stalinist CPH which distrusted the "trotskyite" Sneevliet.[1]
[edit] 1929-1935: RSP
The RSP entered in the 1929 elections but was unable to win a seat, due to heavy opposition of the CPH and the Communist Party of Holland-Central Committee, an opposition group that had left the CPH. Just before the 1933 elections Sneevliet apprehended for supporting the mutiny on the De Zeven Provinciën. The RSP saw the mutiny as part of the liberation of the Dutch Indies. The RSP raised a large campaign with slogans as: "From the Cell to Parliament", "Make Sneevliet the public prosecutor in the Second Chamber" and "I accuse" (a clear reference to Emile Zola's "J'accuse"). The campaign worked and the party won one seat, which was taken Sneevliet, who was consequently released from prison. The position in parliament was mainly used to propagandise.
[edit] 1935-1940: RSAP
In 1935 the RSP and the Independent Socialist Party (OSP) merged to form the Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (in Dutch: Revolutionair Socialistische Arbeiderspartij; RSAP). The OSP saw this as away to gain seats in the next election, while the RSP saw it as a way to strengthen its basis. Although the OSP had more members, the RSP, which had one MP, was far stronger. Former RSP'er Sneevliet remained the party's sole MP and Schmidt, the leader of the OSP became the party chairman. Sneevliet also became secretary of the party-board. Internal tensions between former members of the RSP and OSP formed the downfal of the party. In 1935 a group of former OSP'ers left the party to found the League of Revolutionary Socialists. The direct reason for this split was the question which group of leftwing German refuges the party should ally with. In 1936 Schmidt was removed from the party ranks and Sneevliet took the position of chair. Schmidt's sympathy for democracy and his fear of totalitarian dictatorship was the direct reason of this split. In the elections of 1937 the party was unable to win any seats. After these elections the party received more opposition from the Dutch government: civil servants were forbidden to be member of NAS or the RSAP and prominent members of the RSAP were persecuted for insulting 'friendly heads of state' like Hitler. The communist CPN which had gained strength after several purges, also campaigned strongly against the "trotskyite contrarevolutonairy sect"[2]. Strong arm squads of the CPN attacked several prominent RSAP-members. Finally Trotsky and Sneevliet entered in an ideological conflict, cutting the RSAP off from its international contacts.
[edit] Dissolution: MLL
One day before the Dutch capitulation, May 14, 1940. the RSAP was officially dissolved. In 1938 it was already secretly decided that if the Germans would invade the RSAP would dissolve and go underground. The party was reformed to the resistance organization Marx-Lenin-Luxemburg Front. As such it supported the February strike. In 1942 Sneevliet was executed. This prevented the re-foundation of the RSP after the Second World War.
The party's third way between authoritarian communism and social-democracy would later be reflected in the left-socialist Pacifist Socialist Party, which was also founded by former members of the communist CPN and the social-democratic PvdA.
[edit] Ideology & Issues
The RSP was a left-communist party, which opposed both the authoritarian stalinism of the CPH and the moderate reformism of the SDAP. It united all kinds of groups that did not feel welcome within the CPH and SDAP: leninists, orthodox marxists, council communists and anarcho-socialists. The party's main goal was the proletarian world revolution, which would replace the capitalist system by a system of workers' councils . In the end this would result in a communist society, where inequality, exploitation and class would be eliminated.
It also had several concrete issues it campaigned on:
- Government intervention to combat unemployment and government subsidies for the unemployed;
- Abolition of Dutch monarchy and the Upper house of parliament;
- Amnesty for all political prisoners and conscientious objectors;
- Replacing the army by a system of workers' militia;
- Equal treatment of men and women;
- Betting working conditions for workers: a 6 hour workdays, special protection of female and young workers, a ban on night work and an obligatory vacation;
- A minimum wage;
- Old age pensions form the age 55;
- Decolonization of the Dutch Indies.
[edit] Representation
In this table the election results of the RSP in Tweede Kamer and Eerste Kamer elections is represented, as well as the party's political leadership: the fractievoorzitter, is the chair of the parliamentary party and the lijsttrekker is the party's top candidate in the general election, these posts are normally taken by the party's leader.
| Year | TK | EK | Fractievoorzitter | Lijsttrekker | Cabinet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 0 | 0 | not applicable | Henk Sneevliet | opposition |
| 1930 | 0 | 0 | not applicable | no elections | opposition |
| 1931 | 0 | 0 | not applicable | no elections | opposition |
| 1932 | 0 | 0 | not applicable | no elections | opposition |
| 1933 | 1 | 0 | Henk Sneevliet | Henk Sneevliet | opposition |
| 1935 | 1 | 0 | Henk Sneevliet | no elections | opposition |
| 1936 | 1 * | 0 | Henk Sneevliet | no elections | opposition |
| 1937 | 0 * | 0 | not applicable | no elections | opposition |
| 1938 | 0 * | 0 | not applicable | no elections | opposition |
| 1939 | 0 * | 0 | not applicable | no elections | opposition |
* as RSAP
[edit] Municipal and Provincial Government
The party was particularly strong in the city of Amsterdam. Here Sneevliet was a member of the local legislative.
[edit] Electorate
The RSP was mainly supported by leftwing intellectuals, who were highly concentrated in the large cities. Out of the 48.405 votes it got in 1933 20.000 were obtained in Amsterdam.
[edit] Organization
[edit] Linked organisations
The Leninist Young Guard (Dutch: Leninistische Jeugd Garde; LJG) was an independent youth organization linked to the RSAP. The party-magazine of the RSP was called The Revolutionary (Dutch: De Baanbreker), it continued as the New Torch, after the foundation of the RSAP.
[edit] International Organizations
Due to ideological conflicts between Leon Trotsky and RSP-strongman Sneevliet the RSAP did not join the Fourth International.
[edit] Pillarized Organization
Although the RSP was too small to have a real pillar of social organizations around it, it did have strong links with the anarcho-syndicalist trade union National Labour Secretariat, which previously had strong links with the communist party.
[edit] Relationships to other parties
The RSP was shunned by other leftwing parties, because of its strong opposition to the social-democratic SDAP and the communist CPH. Cooperation with the leftwing opposition of the SDAP, united the OSP resulted in the foundation of the RSAP in 1935.
[edit] International Comparison
The RSP and the RSAP are very comparable to Trotskyist, anti-Stalinist, parties, like the French Workers' Struggle, and to parties formed as orthodox marxist opposition within social-democratic parties, like Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Archive RSP of the International Institute for Social History
- The Life and Death of Sneevliet, Workers' Liberty
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