Restorationism (middle ages)
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Beginning in about 1470 a succession of Popes focused on the acquisition of money, their power as rulers of the papal states and power politics within the college of cardinals.[1] The papacy had been controlled by France and was relocated to Avignon in the 14th century, c.f., Avignon papacy. It had been hoped that the restoration of the papacy to Rome in the 1430s would result in a church that focussed on religious matters. However, the succession of popes during this period focussed on making their young relatives cardinals, appointing relatives and supporters to more than one clerical office, simony (the selling of clerical offices for profit), and general acquisitiveness.[2][3] The restorationist movement [4] at the time was centered on movements that wanted to renew the church (at that time within Christendom, there was only Roman Catholicism in the west and Eastern Orthodox in the east), such as the Lollards, Hussites, and Brethren of the Common Life.[1] While these pre-reformation movements did presage and sometimes discussed a break with Rome and papal authority, they also provoked restorationist movements within the church, such as the councils of Constance [5] and Basle [6], which were held in the first half of the 15th century. Preachers at the time regularly harangued delegates to these conferences regarding simony, venality, lack of chastity and celebacy, and the holding of multiple benefices.[7] The lack of success of the restorationist movements after this time led inexorably to the reformation.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Barbara W. Tuchman (1984). The march of folly. New York, U.S.A.: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-72777-1.
- ^ G. R. Owst (1926). Preaching in Medieval England, 1350-1450. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University, 31-32.
- ^ David S. Chambers (1966). The Economic Predicament of Renaissance Cardinals: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History, vol. III. Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.: University of Nebraska.
- ^ Barbara W. Tuchman (1978). A Distant Mirror. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-40026-7.
- ^ Council of Constance (1414). Council of Constance. Retrieved on 2008-04-08.
- ^ Council of Basle (1431-1449). Council of Basle. Catholic Encyclopedia 1907. Retrieved on 2008-04-08.
- ^ John M. Todd (1971). The Reformation.
