Pulmonary valve stenosis

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Pulmonary valve stenosis Classification and external resources
Pulmonary valve stenosis
ICD-10	I37.0, I37.2, Q22.1
ICD-9	424.3, 746.02
OMIM	265500
DiseasesDB	11025
MedlinePlus	001096
eMedicine	emerg/491
MeSH	D011666

Pulmonary valve stenosis is a valvular heart disease in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. This results in the reduction of flow of blood to the lungs. Valvular pulmonic stenosis accounts for 80% of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.^[1] While the most common cause of pulmonary valve stenosis is congenital heart disease, it may also be due to rheumatic heart disease or a malignant carcinoid tumor.^[1]

Contents 1 Symptoms 2 Evaluation 3 Treatment 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Symptoms

Symptoms include jugular venous distention, cyanosis (usually visible in the nailbeds), and general symptoms of lowered oxygenation of the blood. When the stenosis is mild, it can go unnoticed for many years. If stenosis is severe, you may see sudden fainting or dizziness if exercised too much.

[edit] Evaluation

The initial evaluation of pulmonary valve stenosis involves echocardiography. The degree of stenosis is typically determined by the peak pressure gradient across the valve.^[1] If the peak gradient across the valve is greater than 50 mmHg, intervention is generally warranted. If the peak gradient is < 25 mmHg, no intervention is generally needed. If the gradient is between 25 and 50 mmHg, it is a gray area.

[edit] Treatment

Valve replacement or surgical repair (depending upon whether the stenosis is in the valve or vessel) may be indicated. If the valve stenosis is of congenital origin, balloon valvuloplasty is another option.

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b c} (1996) Handbook of Echo-Doppler Interpretation. Armonk, NY, U.S.A.: Futura, 115-6. ISBN 0-87993-636-3. 

[edit] External links

• Overview at University of Maryland
• Overview at American Heart Association
• Pulmonary Stenosis information from Seattle Children's Hospital Heart Center

v • d • e Cardiovascular disease: heart disease - Circulatory system pathology (I00-I52, 390-429) Ischaemic heart disease CHD: CAD - Coronary thrombosis - Coronary vasospasm - Coronary artery aneurysm Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina) - Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Acute coronary syndrome - Myocardial rupture - Dressler's syndrome Pericardium Pericarditis (Acute pericarditis, Constrictive pericarditis) - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade Endocardium/ heart valves Endocarditis (Subacute bacterial endocarditis) mitral (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) - aortic (stenosis, insufficiency) - pulmonary (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid (stenosis, insufficiency) Myocardium Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Loeffler endocarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Electrical conduction/ arrhythmia heart block: AV (1°, 2°, 3°) - Bundle branch (Left, Right) - Bifascicular - Trifascicular - Sinoatrial - Sick sinus syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome pre-excitation syndrome: Wolff-Parkinson-White - Lown-Ganong-Levine tachycardia: Paroxysmal - Supraventricular (AV nodal reentrant, Accelerated idioventricular rhythm, Sinus) - Ventricular (Torsades de pointes) premature contraction: Atrial - Ventricular flutter/fibrillation: Atrial flutter - Ventricular flutter - Atrial fibrillation (Familial) - Ventricular fibrillation pacemaker: Wandering pacemaker - Ectopic pacemaker - Parasystole long QT syndrome: Romano-Ward syndrome - Andersen-Tawil syndrome - Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome cardiac arrest: Sudden cardiac death Other Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right) Cor pulmonale Heart failure - Rheumatic fever See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747)

v • d • e Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system (Q20-Q28, 745-747) Cardiac chambers and connections Persistent truncus arteriosus - Double outlet right ventricle (Taussig-Bing syndrome) - Transposition of the great vessels (dextro, levo) Cardiac septa Ventricular septal defect - Atrial septal defect (Lutembacher's syndrome) - Atrioventricular septal defect (Ostium primum) - Tetralogy of Fallot - Eisenmenger's syndrome Valvular heart disease/ heart chambers Right: pulmonary and tricuspid valves pulmonary valves (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valves (stenosis, atresia) - Ebstein's anomaly Left: aortic and mitral valves aortic valves (stenosis, insufficiency, bicuspid) - mitral valves (stenosis, regurgitation) - Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Other congenital malformations of heart Dextrocardia - Levocardia - Cor triatriatum Vascular malformation Great arteries aorta: Patent ductus arteriosus - Aortic coarctation - Interrupted aortic arch - Overriding aorta - Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva - Vascular ring pulmonary artery: Pulmonary atresia Great veins superior vena cava: Persistent left superior vena cava pulmonary vein: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection - Scimitar syndrome Other Arteriovenous malformation (Cerebral arteriovenous malformation) See also non-congenital conditions (I, 390-459)