Protamine

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protamine 1
Identifiers
Symbol PRM1
Entrez 5619
HUGO 9447
OMIM 182880
RefSeq NM_002761
UniProt P04553
Other data
Locus Chr. 16 p13.13
protamine 2
Identifiers
Symbol PRM2
Entrez 5620
HUGO 9448
OMIM 182890
RefSeq NM_002762
UniProt P04554
Other data
Locus Chr. 16 p13.13

Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization.

Contents

[edit] Function

When mixed with insulin, protamines slow down the onset and increase the duration of insulin action (see NPH insulin).

Protamine sulfate is an antidote for heparin.[1]

[edit] Examples

Mice, humans, and certain fish have 2 or more different protamines, whereas the sperm of bull, boar, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and ram have one form of protamine.

[edit] Human

The 2 human protamines are denoted PRM1 and PRM2.

[edit] Fish

Examples of protamines from fish are:

[edit] References

  1. ^ Byun Y, Chang LC, Lee LM, Han IS, Singh VK, Yang VC (2000). "Low molecular weight protamine: a potent but nontoxic antagonist to heparin/low molecular weight protamine". ASAIO J. 46 (4): 435–9. doi:10.1097/00002480-200007000-00013. PMID 10926141. 

[edit] External links

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Antidotes (V03AB)
Methanol / Ethylene glycol
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
Arsenic
Cyanide
Heparin
Nerve agent / Organophosphate pesticide
Opioid
Benzodiazepine
Toxic metals (Cadmium, Mercury, Lead etc)
Other