Product (mathematics)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplying, or an expression that identifies factors to be multiplied. The order in which real or complex numbers are multiplied has no bearing on the product; this is known as the commutative law of multiplication. When matrices or members of various other associative algebras are multiplied the product usually depends on the order of the factors; in other words, matrix multiplication, and the multiplications in those other algebras, are non-commutative.

The product operator for the product of a series is denoted by the capital Greek letter Pi ∏ (in analogy to the use of the capital Sigma ∑ as summation symbol).

Several products are considered in mathematics:

• Products of the various classes of numbers
• scalar multiplication
• The dot product and cross product are forms of multiplication of vectors. Related products are:
  • Inner product
  • Outer product
  • Wedge product or exterior product
  • Interior product
  • Tensor product
• The product of matrices; see matrix multiplication.
• The pointwise product of two functions.
• Products in rings and fields of many kinds.
• It is often possible to form the product of two (or more) mathematical objects to form another object of the same kind, e.g.
  • the cartesian product of sets,
  • the product of groups,
  • the product of rings,
  • the product of topological spaces,
  • the Wick product of random variables,
  • for the general treatment, see product (category theory).

[edit] See also

• Multiplication
• Summation
• Pi (letter)