Port of Indiana
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The Port of Indiana, officially the Burns Waterway Harbor, is an industrial area, founded in 1965 and located on the Lake Michigan shore of Indiana at the intersection of U.S. Highway 12 and Indiana 249. The primary work done in the area is the manufacturing of steel, and the port area is dominated by steel mills. The port is divided between the municipalities of Burns Harbor and Portage.
Construction of the Port of Indiana was extremely controversial. The port and its steel mills were constructed on top of what was once the Central Dunes region of the Indiana Dunes. Authorization of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, which borders the Port of Indiana on three sides, was part of a political compromise that also involved the construction of the port.
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[edit] Port economy
The Port of Indiana, as of 2006, is dominated by three extensive industrial plants:
- Midwest Steel, a unit of the U.S. Steel Corporation
- The Indiana works of Mittal Steel, originally constructed by the former Bethlehem Steel Corporation
- The Northern Indiana Public Service coal-burning electricity power plant owned by NiSource.
[edit] Port history
When Bethlehem Steel and advocates for preservation of the Central Dunes crossed swords in Congress in the early 1960s, the steel company won. Two key arguments used by Bethlehem in their successful campaign to win local Indiana support for the port and harbor were increased national security from the production of American steel, and the creation of well-paid jobs in a field that was then dominated by the United Steelworkers union.
Making steel in the Burns Harbor area required help from the federal government because of the shallow waters of Lake Michigan offshore from the sand dunes. In order to make it possible for lake freighters to bring iron ore, coal, and limestone to the steel mills, extensive dredging and engineering work was necessary.
Congress, as part of the River and Harbor Act of 1965, instructed the Army Corps of Engineers to carry out the necessary work to create and maintain the artificial harbor that would become the Port of Indiana. In line with overall Great Lakes standards, the docking areas are dredged to a depth of at least 27 feet (8 m). The port is protected by 8,230 feet (2,510 m) of steel and rubblemound breakwaters.
In addition to the federal help, the state of Indiana showed its support for the Port of Indiana project by constructing Indiana 149 and Indiana 249 to serve the new industrial area.
[edit] Port recreational use
The Port of Indiana also contains the Burns Waterway Small Boat Harbor, a 5,540-foot-long (1,690 m) canal, dredged to a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m), extending inland from Lake Michigan to south of U.S. Highway 12. This boat harbor provides access to the inland Portage Marina and a private, 300-boat marina/condominium complex under development as of 2006.
Other than the small boat harbor, much of the Port of Indiana is a "restricted area" as of 2007, and the public is not admitted within most of the port area.
