Poly(p-phenylene oxide)

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Poly(p-phenylene oxide), or PPO, is a high-performance polymer, one of the engineering thermoplastics. Its biggest strength is its resistance to high temperatures. It has a very high glass transition temperature, 210 °C. But there is a price for being heat-resistant. Most polymers are processed at high temperature in a liquid-like state. But if a polymer won't become liquid-like at reasonable temperatures, it cannot be processed! For this reason, PPO is often made into blends with high-impact polystyrene (HIPS for short). Blending PPO with HIPS makes the PPO easier to process, plus it gives PPO some resilience. PPO needs this toughening because by itself PPO can be brittle in some situations. General Electric makes PPO/HIPS blends and sells them under the name NorylTM.

Structurally, PPO is made of phenylene rings linked together by ether linkages in the 1,4 or para- positions, with a methyl group attached to carbon atoms in the 2 and 6 positions. This polymer should really be called poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide), but we call it poly(p-phenylene oxide) because we're lazy.

PPO is made by what we call oxidative coupling polymerization of the monomer 2,6-dimethylphenol. Water is a by-product, and so this is a condensation polymerization.