Pneumatic motor

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A pneumatic motor is a machine which converts energy of compressed air into mechanical work. In industrial applications linear motion can come from either a diaphragm or piston actuator. As for rotary motion, either a vane type air motor (USA) or piston air motor (USA) is used. Rotary motion vane type air motors are used to start large industrial diesel or natural gas engines. Stored energy in the form of compressed air, nitrogen or natural gas enters the sealed motor chamber and exerts pressure against the vanes of a rotor. Much like a windmill, this causes the rotor to turn at high speed. Reduction gears are used to create high torque levels sufficient to turn the engine flywheel when engaged by the pinion gear of the air motor or air starter.

A widespread application of small pneumatic motors is in hand-held tools, powering ratchet wrenches, drills, sanders, grinders, cutters, and so on. Their overall energy efficiency is low, but due to compactness and light weight, they are often preferred to electric tools.


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