Plymouth Barracuda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Plymouth Barracuda | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Plymouth |
| Parent company | Chrysler Corporation |
| Production | 1964–1974 |
| Assembly | Hamtramck, Michigan Windsor, Ontario, Canada |
| Class | Muscle car |
| Body style(s) | 2-door fastback coupe (1964-1969) 2-door notchback coupe (1967-1974) 2-door convertible(1967-1971) |
| Layout | FR layout |
The Plymouth Barracuda is a car that was manufactured by the Plymouth division of the Chrysler Corporation from 1964 through 1974.
Contents |
[edit] 1964-1966
| First generation | |
|---|---|
| Production | 1964–1966 |
| Platform | A-body |
| Engine(s) | 2.8L 101 hp (75 kW) I6 3.7L 145 hp (108 kW) I6 4.5L 180 hp (130 kW) V8 4.5L 235 hp (175 kW) V8 |
| Wheelbase | 106 in (2692.4 mm) |
| Length | 188.2 in (4780.3 mm) |
| Height | 70.1 in (1780.5 mm) |
| Related | Plymouth Valiant |
Automotive trends in the early-mid 1960s had all the US automakers looking at making sporty compact cars. Chrysler's A-body Plymouth Valiant was chosen for the company's efforts in this direction.[1] Ford's Mustang, which significantly outsold the Barracuda, gave this type of vehicle its common "pony car" moniker, but in fact the Plymouth Barracuda fastback's release on 1 April, 1964 beat the Mustang by two weeks [2]. Plymouth's executives wanted to name the car Panda, an idea unpopular with the car's designers. In the end, John Samsen's suggestion of Barracuda was selected.[3]
The Barracuda used the Valiant's 106 in wheelbase and the Valiant hood, headlamp bezels, windshield, vent windows, quarter panels and bumpers; all other sheetmetal and glass was new. This hybrid design approach significantly reduced the development and tooling cost and time for the new model. The fastback body shape was achieved primarily with a giant backlight, which wrapped down to the fenderline. Pittsburgh Plate Glass (PPG) collaborated with Chrysler designers in producing this 14.4 ft² (4.4 m²) rear window, the largest ever installed on a standard production car up to that time[4]. The Barracuda was able to return the Valiant's favor the next year, when the fenders and taillamps that had been introduced on the 1964 Barracuda were used on the whole 1965 Valiant range except for the wagon, which got its own taillamps.
Powertrains were identical to the Valiant's, including two versions of Chrysler's legendary slant-6 — a 170 in³ (2.8 L), 101 hp (75 kW) version and an optional 225 in³ (3.7 L), 145 hp (108 kW) version. An all-new, compact, lightweight 273 in³ (4.5 L) LA V8 producing 180 hp (134 kW) with a 2-barrel carburetor was the top engine option for 1964, so performance at first was modest. The Barracuda sold for a base price of $2,512 (USD). 1964 was not only the first year for the Barracuda, but also the last year for pushbutton control of the optional Torqueflite automatic transmission, so 1964 models were the only Barracudas so equipped.
In 1965, the 225 slant-6 became the base engine in the US market, though the 170 remained the base engine in Canada. Significant options were introduced as the pony car race heated up: There was a new Commando version of the 273 engine, with a 4-barrel carburetor, 10.5:1 compression, a more aggressive camshaft with solid tappets, and other upgrades which increased output to 235 hp (175 kW). And, there was the Formula 'S' package, which included the Commando V8, upgraded suspension, larger wheels and tires, special emblems, and a standard tachometer. Disc brakes and factory-installed air conditioning became available after the start of the 1965 model year.
For 1966, the Barracuda received new taillights, new front sheetmetal, and a new dashboard. The latter had room for oil pressure and tachometer gauges on models so equipped. The 1966 front sheetmetal, which except for the grille was shared with the Valiant, gave a more rectilinear contour to the fenders. Deluxe models featured fender-top turn signal indicators with a stylized fin motif. The bumpers were larger, and the grille featured a strong grid theme. A center console was optional for the first time.
Although the first Barracudas were heavily based on the contemporary Valiants, Plymouth wanted them perceived as a distinct models. Consequently, the "Valiant" chrome script that appeared on the 1964 model's trunk lid was phased out on the 1965 model in the US market. For 1966, a Barracuda-specific stylized fish logo was introduced as the car's own emblem[3], though in markets such as Canada and South Africa, where Valiant was a marque in its own right, the car remained badged as Valiant Barracuda until the A-body Barracuda was discontinued after 1969.
The Barracuda would influence other designs in Chrysler's stable. Across the Atlantic Ocean, Chrysler's United Kingdom company, the former Rootes Group, developed the Hillman Hunter-based Sunbeam Rapier Fastback coupé for 1967, which bore distinct similarities to the profile of the 1964–66 Barracuda, although the designer of the Rapier, Roy Axe, denied any direct connection.
[edit] 1967-1969
| Second generation | |
|---|---|
| Production | 1967–1969 |
| Platform | A-body |
| Engine(s) | 4.5L 235 hp (175 kW) V8 6.3L V8 7.2L V8 |
| Related | Dodge Dart Plymouth Valiant |
The second-generation Barracuda, though still a 108 in wheelbase A-body sharing many components with the Valiant, was fully redesigned with Barracuda-specific styling and its own range of models including convertibles and fastback and notchback hardtops. The new Barracuda, styled chiefly by John E. Herlitz and John Samsen[3], was less rectilinear than the Valiant, with coke-bottle side contours and aggressively designed front and rear end styling. Design cues a concave rear deck panel; wide wheel openings, curved side glass, and S-curved roof pillars on the notchback. The fastback had a streamlined rear roof. The back glass had a substantially horizontal rake angle, and was significantly smaller than the 1964-66 back glass. The amount and conspicuity of chrome trim was restrained.
The phased introduction during this timeframe of the first US Federal auto safety standards provide the means to discern the model year of a second-generation Barracuda: the 1967 models have no sidemarker lights or reflectors, the 1968 models have round sidemarker lights without reflectors, and the 1969 models have rectangular sidemarker reflectors without lights.
As the pony car class became established and competition increased, Plymouth began to revise the Barracuda's engine options. While the 225 slant-6 was still the base engine, the V8 options in 1967 ranged from the 2-barrel and 4-barrel versions of the 273 to a seldom-ordered 383 in³ (6.3 L) "B" big-block, the latter available only with the Formula S package. In 1968 the 273 was replaced by the 318 in³ (5.2 L) LA engine as the smallest V8 available, and the new 340 in³ (5.6 L) LA 4bbl was released. For 1969, Chrysler's largest V8, the 440 in³ (7.2 L) RB big block with 4-barrel carbureted in 1969 became available. There was even a limited production of 50 Super-Stock, non-street legal, Hemi-powered Barracudas (and 50 Hemi Dodge Darts) built in 1968 for use in drag racing. With fiberglass hoods and front fenders and light steel doors, these Hemi-powered Barracudas were capable of quarter-mile times of under 11 seconds at top speeds of over 130 mph.[5]
For the South African export market, a 190 bhp (140 kW) high-performance version of the 225 slant-6 called Charger Power was offered with 9.3:1 compression, a 2bbl carburetor, a more aggressive camshaft, and a low-restriction exhaust system. A handful of spinoff Savage GTs were also built, from the second generation Barracuda.
In 1968, a new option was the Mod Top, a vinyl roof covering with a floral motif. Plymouth sold it as a package with seat and door panel inserts done in the same pattern.
Also in 1968,Chrysler made approxmatly 50 fastback Barracudas equipped with the 426 Hemi[citation needed].These cars were assembled by Hurst Performance and were strictly for use as drag race cars in the super stock class.[citation needed] These cars featured lightweight items such as thin Corning side glass, fiberglass front fenders and hood with scoop, lightweight seats and all sound deadener and other street equipment omitted.[citation needed] Today,original Hemi super stock Barracudas (and similarly configured Dodge Darts) are highly prized collector vehicles, with original unaltered cars commanding high prices[citation needed].
in 1969, Plymouth placed increased emphasis on providing and marketing performance. The 383 engine's output was boosted to 330 bhp, and a new trim package called 'Cuda was released. The 'Cuda was based on the Formula S option, and could be had with either the 340 or the 383 V8.
[edit] 1970-1974
| Third generation | |
|---|---|
| Also called | Plymouth 'Cuda |
| Production | 1970–1974 |
| Platform | E-body |
| Engine(s) | 198 in³ Slant 6 225 in³ Slant 6 I6 318 in³ LA V8 340 in³ LA V8 360 in³ LA V8 383 in³ B V8 426 in³ Hemi V8 440 in³ RB V8 |
| Related | Dodge Challenger |
For 1970, the Barracuda lost all commonality with the Valiant. The all-new 1970 model, styled by John E. Herlitz, was built on a shorter, wider version of Chrysler's existing B platform, called the E-body. The fastback was deleted from the line, which now consisted of coupe and convertible models. There was also a Dodge near-twin known as the Challenger; however, no sheet metal interchanged between the two cars, and the Challenger had a slightly longer wheelbase. Both were aggressively styled, and the high-performance models were marketed as 'Cuda. The E body's engine bay was larger than that of the previous A-body, facilitating the release of Chrysler's 426 in³ (7.0 L) Hemi for the regular retail market.
Two six-cylinder engines were available — a new 198 in³ (3.2 L) version of the slant-6, and the 225 — as well as six different V8s: the 318, 340, 383, 440-4bbl, 440-6bbl, and the 426 Hemi. available[6]. The 440- and Hemi-equipped cars received upgraded suspension components and structural reinforcements to help transfer the power to the road. Barracudas were available with decal sets, hood modifications, and some unusual "high impact" colors such as "Vitamin C", "In-Violet", and "Moulin Rouge".
Race car drivers Swede Savage and Dan Gurney drove identical factory-sponsored AAR (All American Racers) Cudas in the 1970 Trans-Am Series, with great promise (3 poles), but little success (0 wins). The street version AAR Cudas were equipped with the 340 cid "six pack" (three two-barrel carburetors).
With the 440-6 and 426 Hemi, the straight-line performance from regular production Barracudas became legendary. The 1/4 mile times for were in the vicinity of 13.7 seconds @ 103 mph to 13.4 s @ 108 mph (174 km/h) - both among the fastest times of the day. However, this sort of performance came at a price: the road tests of the day noted the cars' cramped, uncomfortable passenger compartment and extremely limited luggage capacity. Poor handling and braking were also common complaints, particularly with the larger, heavier engines.
The Barracuda was changed slightly for 1971, with a new grille and taillights. This would be the only year that the Barracuda would have four headlights, and also the only year of the fender "gills" on the 'cuda model. The 1971 Barracuda engine options would remain the same as that of the 1970 model, except the 4-barrel carbureted 440 engine was not available; all 440-powered Barracudas had a six-barrel carburetor setup instead. The 426 Hemi option would remain, and the Hemi-powered 1971 Barracuda convertible is now considered one of the rarest and most desirable collectible automobiles[citation needed]. Only twelve were produced (7 American, 3 Canadian, 2 European), selling for US$2,000,000 or more each[citation needed].
In 1970 and 1971, two significant options were available: the shaker hood and the Spicer-built Dana 60 rear axle. The shaker hood was available with 340, 383, 440-4bbl and 440-6bbl, and 426 Hemi engines. The heavy-duty (and heavy) Dana 60, with a 9-3/4 in ring gear, was standard equipment with manual transmissions and 440-6bbl and 426 Hemi engines, and was optional on those with the automatic transmission. All engines were slightly detuned and the compression reduced to accommodate the new low-lead gasoline.
After another grille and taillight redesign in 1972, the Barracuda would remain unchanged through 1974, with dual headlights and four circular taillights. But as with all other vehicles of the time, these years saw a progressive decrease in the Barracuda's performance due to the loss of big block engine options, and tightening safety and exhaust emission regulations. Engines were detuned year by year to reduce exhaust emissions, which also reduced their power output. At the same time, bumpers grew larger and heavier and heavy steel side-impact protection beams were installed inside the doors for 1973. By 1974, only the 318 and 360 engines were available. Higher fuel prices and performance-car insurance surcharges deterred many buyers as the interest in high performance cars waned; sales had dropped dramatically after 1970, and Barracuda production ended April 1, 1974, ten years to the day after it had begun.
[edit] 1975-Current
A 1975 Barracuda was planned before the end of the 1974 model year. Plymouth engineers sculpted two separate concepts out of clay, both featuring a Superbird-inspired aerodynamic body, and eventually reached a consensus upon which an operational concept car could be built. Due to a rapidly changing automotive market, the concepts were scrapped before the 1975 Barracuda would roll off the production line. [7]
The Barracuda is today among the most valuable of muscle cars sought by collectors[citation needed], although the rarity of specific models and option combinations today is largely the result of low buyer interest and production at the time.
In 2007, Motor Trend magazine reported a rumor that the Chrysler Group was considering reviving the Barracuda in 2009[8] alongside the revived Dodge Challenger to compete with the Ford Mustang and new Chevrolet Camaro. Because the Plymouth brand was withdrawn from the market in 2001, the new Barracuda would be branded as a Chrysler. However, a Chrysler official has called the Barracuda's reintroduction unlikely.[9]
[edit] Production totals
- Section source: Cuda.net[10]
[edit] 1964 Model Year
Total 23,433 *includes Windsor, Ontario, Canada Built Cars
- slant six 2,647
- 273 2bbl 20,796
Windsor, Ontario, Canada Built Cars
- slant six 230
- 273 2bbl 670
[edit] 1965 Model Year
Total 64,596 *Formula S quantity unknown
- V8 - 40,522
- w/ 273 4bbl automatic 4,505
- w/ 273 4bbl 4-speed 4,874
- w/ 273 4bbl total 10,062
- w/ 273 2bbl total 30,460
[edit] 1966 Model Year
Total 38,029
- V8 - 21,523
- Formula S w/ 273 4bbl Auto 2,346
- Formula S w/ 273 4bbl 4-speed 2,970
- w/ 273 4bbl total 6,295
- w/ 273 2bbl total 9,192
[edit] 1967 Model Year
Total 62,534
- Fastback 30,110
- Coupe 28,196
- Convertible 4,228
- Formula S w/ 273 4bbl 5,352
- Formula S w/ 383 4bbl 1,784
[edit] 1968 Model Year
Total 45,412
- Fastback 22,576
- Coupe 19,997
- Convertible 2,840
- Formula S w/ 340 4bbl 3,917
- Formula S w/ 383 4bbl 1,279
[edit] 1969 Model Year
Total 31,987
- Fastback 17,788
- Coupe 12,757
- Convertible 1,442
- Formula S w/ 340 4bbl 1,809
- 'Cuda w/340 4bbl ??
- Formula S w/ 383 4bbl 718
- 'Cuda w/383 4bbl 462
- 'Cuda w/440 4bbl 356
[edit] 1970 Model Year
Total 48,867 *includes 2,724 AAR's
- Hardtop 6 cyl 5,138
- B - 198 3spd 297
- B - 198 Auto 164
- C - 225 3spd 1498
- C - 225 Auto 3179
- Hardtop 8 cyl 17,198
- G - 318 3spd 1599
- G - 318 4spd 705
- G - 318 Auto 13052
- L - 383 2bbl Auto 722
- N - 383 4bbl 3spd 52
- N - 383 4bbl 4spd 604
- N - 383 4bbl Auto 464
- Hardtop Gran Coupe 6 cyl 211
- C - 225 3spd 29
- C - 225 Auto 182
- Hardtop Gran Coupe 8 cyl 7,109
- G - 318 3spd 170
- G - 318 4spd 164
- G - 318 Auto 4742
- L - 383 2bbl Auto 945
- N - 383 4bbl 3spd 15
- N - 383 4bbl 4spd 341
- N - 383 4bbl Auto 732
- Hardtop 'Cuda 8 cyl 16,710*
- H - 340 3spd 1872
- H - 340 4spd 2372
- H - 340 Auto 1788
- J - 340 6bbl 4spd 1120
- J - 340 6bbl Auto 1604
- N - 383 3spd 150
- N - 383 4spd 1905
- N - 383 Auto 2540
- R - 426 Hemi 4spd 284
- R - 426 Hemi Auto 368
- U - 440 4bbl 4spd 334
- U - 440 4bbl Auto 618
- V - 440 6bbl 4spd 902
- V - 440 6bbl Auto 853
- Convertible 6 cyl 223
- C - 225 3spd 65
- C - 225 Auto 158
- Convertible 8 cyl 1,164
- G - 318 3spd 125
- G - 318 4spd 58
- G - 318 Auto 863
- L - 383 2bbl Auto 59
- N - 383 4bbl 3spd 6
- N - 383 4bbl 4spd 17
- N - 383 4bbl Auto 36
- Convertible Gran Coupe 6 cyl 15
- C - 225 3spd 3
- C - 225 Auto 12
- Convertible Gran Coupe 8 cyl 551
- G - 318 3spd 12
- G - 318 4spd 18
- G - 318 Auto 381
- L - 383 2bbl Auto 54
- N - 383 4bbl 3spd 2
- N - 383 4bbl 4spd 18
- N - 383 4bbl Auto 66
- Convertible 'Cuda 8 cyl 548
- H - 340 3spd 19
- H - 340 4spd 88
- H - 340 Auto 155
- N - 383 3spd 9
- N - 383 4spd 68
- N - 383 Auto 132
- R - 426 Hemi 4spd 5
- R - 426 Hemi Auto 9
- U - 440 4bbl 4spd 6
- U - 440 4bbl Auto 28
- V - 440 6bbl 4spd 17
- V - 440 6bbl Auto 12
- Engine Codes
- B - 198 ci 1V 125 hp (93 kW)
- C - 225 ci 1V (1 barrel carburetor) 145 hp
- G - 318 ci 2V 230 hp (170 kW)
- H - 340 ci 4V 277 hp (207 kW)
- J - 340 ci 3X2V 290 hp (AAR)
- L - 383 ci 2V 290 hp (220 kW) and 330 hp (250 kW) respectively
- N - 383 ci 4v 335 hp (250 kW)
- R - 426 ci 2X4V 425 hp (Hemi)
- U - 440 ci 4V 375 hp
- V - 440 ci 3X2V 390 hp (290 kW)
[edit] 1971 Model Year
Total 16,492
- Coupe (A93 option) 6 cyl
- B - 198 3spd
- B - 198 Auto
- C - 225 3spd
- C - 225 Auto
- Coupe (A93 option) 8 cyl
- G - 318 3spd
- G - 318 4spd
- G - 318 Auto
- L - 383 2bbl
- N - 383 3spd 1
- N - 383 4spd 5
- N - 383 Auto 4
- Coupe (A93 option) Total 592
- Hardtop 6 cyl
- B - 198 3spd
- B - 198 Auto
- C - 225 3spd
- C - 225 Auto
- Hardtop 8 cyl
- G - 318 3spd
- G - 318 4spd
- G - 318 Auto
- L - 383 2bbl
- N - 383 3spd 20
- N - 383 4spd 78
- N - 383 Auto 91
- Hardtop Total 6508
- Hardtop Gran Coupe 6 cyl 0
- Hardtop Gran Coupe 8 cyl 1,551
- G - 318 3spd 53
- G - 318 4spd 0
- G - 318 Auto 1020
- L - 383 2bbl 161
- N - 383 3spd 2
- N - 383 4spd 16
- N - 383 Auto 79
- Hardtop 'Cuda 8 cyl 5,383
- H - 340 3spd 151
- H - 340 4spd 1141
- H - 340 Auto 2008
- N - 383 3spd 70
- N - 383 4spd 501
- N - 383 Auto 1168
- R - 426 Hemi 4spd 59
- R - 426 Hemi Auto 48
- V - 440 6bbl 4spd 108
- V - 440 6bbl Auto 129
- Convertible 6 cyl 132
- C - 225 3spd
- C - 225 Auto
- Convertible 8 cyl 722
- G - 318 3spd
- G - 318 4spd
- G - 318 Auto
- L - 383 2bbl
- N - 383 3spd 0
- N - 383 4spd 10
- N - 383 Auto 9
- Convertible 'Cuda 8 cyl 292 (does not incl export)
- H - 340 3spd 8
- H - 340 4spd 30
- H - 340 Auto 102
- N - 383 3spd 8
- N - 383 4spd 33
- N - 383 Auto 87
- R - 426 Hemi 4spd 2
- R - 426 Hemi Auto 5
- V - 440 6bbl 4spd 5
- V - 440 6bbl Auto 12
- Engine Codes
- B - 198 ci 1V 125 hp (93 kW)
- C - 225 ci 1V 145 hp (108 kW)
- G - 318 ci 2V 230 hp (170 kW)
- H - 340 ci 4V 275 hp (205 kW)
- L - 383 ci 2V 275 hp (205 kW)
- N - 383 ci 4V 300 hp (220 kW)
- R - 426 ci 2X4V 425 hp (Hemi)
- V - 440 ci 3X2V 390 hp*
[edit] 1972 Model Year
Total 15,059
- Hardtop 6 cyl 820
- C - 225 3spd 224
- C - 225 Auto 596
- Hardtop 8 cyl 8,375
- G - 3spd 600
- G - Auto 7285
- H - 3pd 25
- H - 4spd 127
- H - Auto 338
- Hardtop 'Cuda 8 cyl 5,864
- H - 4spd 1701
- H - Auto 4163
- Engine Codes
- C - 225 ci 1V 110 hp (82 kW)
- G - 318 ci 2V 150 hp (110 kW)
- H - 340 ci 4V 240 hp (180 kW)
A total of 465 Barracudas came with the 340 ci engine, and 5,864 'Cuda 340 were built
[edit] 1973 Model Year
Total 19,281
- Hardtop 8 cyl 9,976
- G - 318 3spd
- G - 318 Auto
- Hardtop 'Cuda 8 cyl 9,305
- G - 318 3spd 351
- G - 318 4spd 539
- G - 318 Auto 1832
- H - 340 3spd 289
- H - 340 4spd 1718
- H - 340 Auto 4576
- Engine Codes
- G - 318 ci 2V 150 hp (110 kW)
- H - 340 ci 4V 240 hp (180 kW)
[edit] 1974 Model Year
Total 11,734?
- Hardtop 8 cyl 6,745?
- G - 318 3spd
- G - 318 Auto
- Hardtop 'Cuda 8 cyl 3,938
- G - 318 3spd 335
- G - 318 Auto 2412
- L - 360 3spd 32
- L - 360 4spd 398
- L - 360 Auto 761
- Engine Codes
- G - 318 ci 2V 150 hp (110 kW)
- L - 360 ci 4V 245 hp (183 kW)
[edit] References
- ^ Young, Tony (1984). Mighty Mopars 1960-1974. Motorbooks International, p. 25. ISBN 978-0879381240.
- ^ Plymouth Barracuda @ Allpar
- ^ a b c John Samsen's Plymouth Barracuda design history
- ^ Young, p. 33
- ^ 'The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975, 4th Edition' Edited by Ron Kowalke P. 673. ISBN 0-87341-521-3
- ^ 1970 Barracuda production totals by powerteam
- ^ 1975 Barracuda - The Fish that Got Away
- ^ Motor Trend's Return of the 'Cuda
- ^ Car and Driver: Spied: 2008 Dodge Challenger - Car News
- ^ Barracuda.net: Production Totals
[edit] Additional reading
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