Pennyroyal

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Pennyroyal

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Lamiaceae
Genus:	Mentha
Species:	M. pulegium

Binomial name

Mentha pulegium
L.

The herb Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium, family Lamiaceae), is a member of the mint genus; an essential oil extracted from it is used in aromatherapy. Crushed Pennyroyal leaves and foliage exhibit a very strong spearmint fragrance. Pennyroyal is a traditional folk medicine, poison and abortifacient. This oil is high in pulegone, a highly toxic volatile organic compound, which harms the liver and can stimulate uterine activity.

1 Uses
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

[edit] Uses

Since the U.S. Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act in October 1994, all manufactured forms of pennyroyal have carried a warning label against its use by pregnant women. This substance is not regulated by the FDA.^[1]

Pennyroyal essential oil is extremely concentrated, it should not ever be taken internally because it is highly toxic; even in small doses, the poison can lead to death. Complications have been reported from attempts to use the oil for self-induced abortion. In 1978, a pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital two hours after consuming approximately two tablespoonfulls (30 ml) of pennyroyal oil; she subsequently died.^{[citation needed]} The oil can be used for aromatherapy, a bath additive and as an insect repellent. There are numerous studies that show pennyroyal's toxicity to humans and animals.^[2] ^[3] ^[4]^[5]

Pennyroyal tea is the use of a tincture made from the herb, the tincture is widely reputed as safe to ingest in restricted quantities. It has been traditionally employed and reportedly successful as an emmenagogue (menstrual flow stimulant) or as an abortifacient. In 1994 a young woman died from an undetected ectopic pregnancy while performing a self-induced abortion using pennyroyal tea, reports say that she had consumed the tea for longer than the recommended time length of five days.^[6]^[1] The most popular current use of the tea is to settle the stomach. Other reported medicinal uses through history include fainting, flatulence, gall ailments, gout, hepatitis (presumably Hepatitis A), a lung cleanser, a gum strengthener and, when ground with vinegar, a tumor remedy, although there is little to no medical evidence on any of these treatments.

Dried pennyroyal should not be used as a natural flea repellent due to its toxicity to pets, even at extremely low levels. ^[7]

[edit] See also

Hedeoma pulegioides — American Pennyroyal, distantly related species
"Pennyroyal Tea" (1993), grunge rock song by Nirvana
Aristophanes made reference to pennyroyal as abortifacient in Lysistrata and Peace
Mari Sandoz writes in her book, Slogum House, "She was the fifth of twelve children in the river-bottom family, with a mother who laid the cards and brewed tansy, pennyroyal and like concoctions for luckless girls who were in need."

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health MedlinePlus website, Pennyroyal patient information retrieved on August 6, 2007.
^ Anderson IB, Nelson SD, Blanc PD. Pennyroyal metabolites in human poisoning. Ann Intern Med 1997;126(3):250-251.
^ Anderson IB, Mullen WH, Meeker JE, et al. Pennyroyal toxicity: measurement of toxic metabolite levels in two cases and review of the literature. Ann Intern Med 1996;124(8):726-734.
^ Bakerink JA, Gospe SM Jr., Dimand RJ, et al. Multiple organ failure after ingestion of pennyroyal oil from herbal tea in two infants. Pediatrics 1996;98(5):944-947.
^ Sudekum M, Poppenga RH, Raju N, Braselton WE Jr. Pennyroyal oil toxicosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;Mar 15, 200(6):817-818.
^ Metro Silicon Valley, December 14, 1995. "Lifestyle on Trial" by Gordon Young. Metroactive online edition, retrieved on August 6, 2007.
^ Warnings About Essential Oils[1]