Penitrem A

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Penitrem A
Other names	Tremortin
Identifiers
CAS number	[12627-35-9]
PubChem	337313
SMILES	CC(=C)C1C(C2C3(O2)C(O1)CCC4(C3(CCC5C4(C6=C7C5OC(C8CC9C8(C1=C7C(=CC(=C1CC9=C)Cl)N6)O)(C)C)C)O)C)O
Properties
Molecular formula	C37H44ClNO6
Molar mass	634.20136
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Penitrem A (tremortin) is a fungal neurotoxin found on ryegrass. It is produced by certain species of Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Penicillium. It inhibits potassium channels in smooth muscles.^{[citation needed]} The maxi-channels targeted have their highest density in the cerebellar Purkinje cells.

It causes a stagger in horses and cattle.

Contents 1 Effective dose 2 Stages of toxicity 3 See also 4 References

[edit] Effective dose

The ED₅₀ for penitrem A is 10 nM.^{[citation needed]} The ED₅₀ is the effective dose for 50% of the population. Many toxic chemicals do not show ED-50s and act by irreversible covalent adduction.

[edit] Stages of toxicity

• Acute tremor
• Chronic ataxia
• Little recovery

[edit] See also

• Neurotoxicity

[edit] References

• Walter SL (2002). "Acute penitrem A and roquefortine poisoning in a dog". Can. Vet. J. 43 (5): 372–4. PMID 12001505.