Paul Bunyan (operetta)
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| Operas by Benjamin Britten |
|---|
Paul Bunyan (1941) |
Paul Bunyan is a "choral operetta" composed by Benjamin Britten with book and lyrics by W. H. Auden.
Britten and Auden had moved to the United States to escape the war in Europe; this operetta is something of a capsule summary of the history of their new home. It begins with a chorus of trees and geese and progresses to the arrival of lumberjacks organized by Paul Bunyan. By the second act, some of the lumberjacks have become farmers and by the end of the show, they are all members of industrial society.
The plot draws upon Auden's knowledge of the Eddas and begins with a creation story that uses the same idea of a giant being awakened by a primordial cow. Although Auden's tone is tongue-in-cheek, he seems to have intended the libretto to fill a gap in the American national consciousness and provide a national epic for them. The lukewarm reception that the work received may well have been due to the presumption of an Englishman writing the "missing" American national epic. The plot also places the hero into a broken marriage and has him preside over the systematic destruction of natural resources for profit. These were also potentially uncomfortable themes to place before an American audience at the time.
The music is based on a wide variety of American styles, including folk songs, blues and hymns. The use of a narrator, to whom Britten gave country style music, may well have influenced Stephen Sondheim in creating the role of "The Balladeer" in "Assassins".
It premiered at Columbia University in 1941 to largely negative reviews. Britten revised the operetta in 1976, removing two numbers (Inkslinger's Love Song and Lullaby of Dream Shadows) and composing a new finale for Act I. This is the version performed today, although the 1988 recording also includes the two deleted numbers.
[edit] Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, May 5, 1941 (Conductor: Hugh Ross ) |
|---|---|---|
| Narrator | baritone or tenor | Mordecai Bauman |
| Paul Bunyan | speaking role | Milton Warchoff |
| Johnny Inkslinger | tenor | William Hess |
| Tiny Bunyan, Paul's daughter | soprano | Helen Marshall |
| Hot Biscuit Slim, a good cook | tenor | Charles Cammock |
| Sam Sharkey, a bad cook | tenor | Clifford Jackson |
| Ben Benny, another bad cook | bass | Eugene Bonham |
| Hel Helson, foreman | baritone | Bliss Woodward |
| John Shears, a farmer | baritone | Leonard Stocker |
| Western Union Boy | tenor | Henry Bauman |
| Fido, a dog | soprano | Pauline Kleinhesselink |
| Moppet, a cat | mezzo-soprano | Harriet Greene |
| Poppet, also a cat | mezzo-soprano | Augusta Dorn |
| Lumberjacks, farmers, frontier women, animals, trees | ||
