Paropamisadae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Paropamisadae (also called Paropamisus) was the ancient Greek name for a region of the Hindu-Kush in Eastern Afghanistan, centered on the cities of Kabul amd Kapisa (modern Bagram). It is located north of Arachosia, south of Bactria, and west of Kashmir.
[edit] History of Paropamisadae
The ancient Buddhist texts, the Mahajanapada of Kamboja comprised the territories of Paropamisus and extended towards south-west, as far as Rajauri to south-west of Kashmir. The region came under Achaemenid Persian control in the late 500s BC, either during the reign of Cyrus the Great or Darius I.
In the 320s BC, Alexander the Great conquered the entire Persian Empire (including Paropamisadae), beginning the Helenistic period. The Greek name Παροπαμισάδαι or Παροπαμισσός was used extensively in Greek literature to describe the conquests of Alexander the Great and those of the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kings, from the 3rd to the 1st century BCE. (The name possibly came from the Avestic for "higher than an eagle can fly").
After Alexander's death in 323 BC, the area came under control of the Seleucid Empire, which gave the region to the Mauryan Dynasty of India in 305 BC. After the fall of the Mauryans in 185 BC, the Greco-Bactrians under King Demetrius I annexed the western half of the former Mauryan Empire (including Paropamisadae), and it became part of his Euthydemid Indo-Greek Kingdom. The Eucratidians seized the city soon after the death of Menander I, but lost it to the Yuezhi or Tocharians around 125 BC.
Paropamisus Mountains: The name "Paropamisus" (as regards the Paropamisus Mountains) had previously been used by Western geographers and geologists during the 19th and 20th centuries (and perhaps further back) to describe the Siah Koh, Safed Koh, Chalap Dalan, and Malmand Mountain Ranges of western Afghanistan. However, it is slowly falling out of use in the West in favor of local names, as it is not used by the people or government of Afghanistan. (See also: Kushan Empire.)
[edit] See also
[edit] References
"The Greeks in Bactria and India" W.W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press
