New towns in the United Kingdom
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Below is a list of some of the new towns in the United Kingdom created under the various New Town Acts of the 20th century.
Designated new towns were removed from local-authority control and placed under the supervision of a Development Corporation. The Corporations were later disbanded and their assets split between local authorities and, in England, the Commission for New Towns (now English Partnerships).
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[edit] Early new towns
- Letchworth, Hertfordshire (founded in 1903 through the Garden city movement)
- Welwyn Garden City (founded in 1920 through the Garden city movement) and Hatfield, both in Hertfordshire
- Wythenshawe (built on what used to be Cheshire land in the 1920s as a Manchester overspill estate but was not completed until the early 1970s)
[edit] England
[edit] First wave
The first wave was to help alleviate the housing shortages following World War II, in the green belt around London. A couple of sites in County Durham were also designated. These designations were made under the New Towns Act 1946.
- Basildon, Essex (designated 4 January 1949)[1]
- Bracknell, Berkshire (designated 17 June 1949)[2]
- Corby, Northamptonshire (designated 1 April 1950)[3]
- Crawley, Sussex (designated 9 January 1947)[4]
- Harlow, Essex (designated 25 March 1947)[5]
- Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire (designated 4 February 1947)[6]
- Newton Aycliffe, County Durham (designated 19 April 1947 as Aycliffe New Town)[7]
- Peterlee, County Durham (designated 10 March 1948, as Easington New Town)[8]
- Stevenage, Hertfordshire (designated 1 November 1946)[9]
- Welwyn Garden City and Hatfield, Hertfordshire (both designated 20 May 1948)[10]
[edit] Second wave
The second wave (1961–64) was to help assuage housing short falls. Two of the below (Redditch and Telford) are situated near the West Midlands conurbation; another two (Runcorn and Skelmersdale) are situated near Merseyside.
- Redditch, Worcestershire (designated 10 April 1964)[11]
- Runcorn, Cheshire (designated 10 April 1964)[12]
- Skelmersdale, Lancashire (designated 9 October 1961)[13]
- Dawley New Town, Shropshire (designated 16 January 1963)[14]
- Washington, Tyne and Wear (designated 24 July 1964)[15]
Cramlington and Killingworth were constructed from the 1960s by local authorities but were not designated new towns.
[edit] Third wave
The third and last wave of new towns (1967–70) allowed for additional growth chiefly further north from the previous London new towns, with a few developments between Liverpool and Manchester. Dawley New Town was re-designated as Telford New Town, with a much larger area.
- Central Lancashire (designated 26 March 1970)[16]
- Milton Keynes (designated 23 January 1967)[17]
- Northampton (designated 14 February 1968)[18]
- Peterborough (designated 21 July 1967)[19]
- Telford (designated 29 November 1968)[20]
- Warrington (designated 26 April 1968)[21]
[edit] Modern developments
No new towns have been designated since 1970.
- Cambourne, Cambridgeshire
- Northstowe, Cambridgeshire (planned)
- Poundbury, Dorset
- Ebbsfleet, Kent (in progress)
- Sherford, Devon
[edit] Wales
- Cwmbran (designated 4 November 1949)[22]
- Newtown (designated 18 December 1967)[23]
[edit] Modern developments
- Tircoed
- Coed Darcy (in progress)
[edit] Scotland
- Cumbernauld (designated 9 December 1955,[24] extended 19 March 1973)[25]
- East Kilbride (designated 6 May 1947)[26]
- Glenrothes (designated 30 June 1948)[27]
- Irvine (designated 9 November 1966)[28]
- Livingston (designated 16 April 1962)[29]
- Stonehouse (designated 17 July 1973, never built)[30]
[edit] Future Developments
- Ravenscraig
- Tornagrain
[edit] Northern Ireland
The New Towns Act (Northern Ireland) 1965 gave the Minister of Development of the Government of Northern Ireland the power to designate an area as a New Town, and to appoint a Development Commission. An order could be made to transfer municipal functions of all or part of any existing local authorities to the commission, which took the additional title of urban district council, although unelected. This was done in the case of Craigavon.
The New Towns Amendment Act (Northern Ireland) 1968 was passed to enable the establishment of the Londonderry Development Commission to replace the County Borough and rural district of Londonderry, and implement the Londonderry Area Plan. On April 3, 1969 the development commission took over the municipal functions of the two councils, the area becoming Londonderry Urban District.
- Craigavon (designated 26 July 1965)[31]
- Londonderry (designated 5 February 1969) (see above)[32]
[edit] Future developments
On 13 May 2007, Gordon Brown, who was shortly to become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, announced that he would designate ten new "eco-towns" to ease demand for low-cost housing. The towns, of approximately 20,000 population each—at least 5000 homes—are planned to be "carbon-neutral" and will use locally generated sustainable-energy sources. Only one site was identified in the announcement: the former Oakington Barracks in Cambridgeshire. Local councils will be invited to provide sites for the remaining four towns.[33]
The Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) is advising the Government on the criteria and best practice in developing the eco-towns by producing a series of "worksheets" for developers.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ London Gazette: no. 38507, page 145, 7 January 1949. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 38647, page 3078, 21 June 1949. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 38878, page 1671, 4 April 1950. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 37849, page 231, 10 January 1947. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 37918, page 1451, 28 March 1947. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 37875, page 664, 7 February 1947. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 37940, page 1858, 25 April 1947. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 38235, page 1819, 12 March 1948. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 37785, page 5536, 12 November 1946. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 38299, page 3136, 25 May 1948. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 43296, page 3202, 14 April 1964. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 43296, page 3201, 14 April 1964. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 42484, page 7296, 10 October 1961. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 42898, page 589, 18 January 1963. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 43394, page 6416, 28 July 1964. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 45079, page 4187, 14 April 1970. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 44233, page 827, 24 January 1967. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 44529, pages 2088–2089, 20 February 1968. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 44377, page 8515, 1 August 1967. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 44735, page 13433, 13 December 1968. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 44576, page 4907, 30 April 1968. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 38756, page 5318, 8 November 1949. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 44482, page 14168, 28 December 1967. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Edinburgh Gazette: no. 17351, page 746, 13 December 1955. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Edinburgh Gazette: no. 19218, page 398, 19 March 1973. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Edinburgh Gazette: no. 16436, page 189, 9 May 1947. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Edinburgh Gazette: no. 16556, pages 299–300, 2 July 1948. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Edinburgh Gazette: no. 18509, page 846, 11 November 1966. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Edinburgh Gazette: no. 18025, pages 236–237, 17 April 1962. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Edinburgh Gazette: no. 19294, page 951, 14 August 1973. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Belfast Gazette: no. 2317, page 274, 6 August 1965. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ [1] A commentary by the Government of Northern Ireland to accompany the Cameron Report incorporating an account of progress and a programme of action (CAIN web service)
- ^ Brown to build ten eco towns, The Times Online, 13 May 2007
