Naturalism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Naturalism (as distinct from Naturalist, Nature and Natural) can refer to various topics within philosophy and science, environmental movements, and other areas.

In philosophy and science, naturalism can refer to:

• Naturalism (philosophy), any of several philosophical stances wherein all phenomena or hypotheses commonly labeled as supernatural, are either false or not inherently different from natural phenomena or hypotheses
  • Methodological naturalism, is the methodological assumption that observable events in nature are explained only by natural causes without assuming the existence or non-existence of the supernatural,
  • Metaphysical naturalism, a view whereby the world is amenable to a unified study that includes the natural sciences and in this sense the world is a unity.
• Ethical naturalism, the theory that ethical terms can be defined in non-ethical terms
• Humanistic naturalism, an outlook that places the emphasis upon a naturalism based upon scientific reasoning
• Sociological naturalism, the view that the natural world and the social world are roughly identical and governed by similar principles
• Naturalistic observation, an empirical method of study by which the researcher introduces no outside stimulus, instead witnessing behavior as it naturally occurs in the environment
• Natural history, especially in older texts

Within environmental movements, naturalism can refer to:

• Conservation ethic in relation to preserving "natural ecosystems":
  • Conservationist, proponent or advocate of conservation
  • Conservation movement, movement seeking to protect plant and animal species as well as the habitats they live in
  • Conservation ecology, any part of ecology that has a bearing on conservation
  • Conservation biology, the protection and management of biodiversity
• Environmental education
• Environmental preservation
• Sustainable living

Naturalism can also refer to:

• Naturalism (arts), an artistic style
• Naturalism (literature), a literary, cinematic, or theatrical style

[edit] See also

All pages beginning with Naturalism

• Naturism, the practice of "social nudity"