Native American Spirituality Movements

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The encounter of the Native American cultures with the European and African civilizations changed drastically their ways of life and thought. Many syncretic and revitalization movements emerged.

The most noticed of those movements were the Handsome Lake and the Iroquois Longhouse, Dreamers of the Pacific Northwest, the Ghost Dance movement, the Indian Shaker Church, and the Native American Church.

Also there were many prophets, such Popé, who led the Pueblo revolt in 1675; Neolin; Tenskwatawa; Kenekuk; Smohalla; John Slocum; Wovoka; Black Elk and many others.

Regarded suspiciously by the Whites, those movements suffered repression by government policy, missionary influence and frontier contacts.

[edit] References

• ALVES, Leonardo Marcondes. Visions and Visionaries: Profiles of Native American Spirituality Movements.Dallas: Pistis Publishing House, 2005.
• DELORIA, Jr., Vine. God Is Red: A Native View of Religion. New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1975.
• HIRSCHEFEKDER, Arlene and MOLIN, Paulette. Encyclopedia of Native American Religions. Checkmark Books.
• RUBY, Robert H., and BROWN, John A.Dreamer-Prophets of the Columbia Plateau: Smohalla and Skolaskin. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.