Nashoba Brook Pencil Factory Site
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The Nashoba Brook Pencil Factory Site contains the ruins of a 19th century dam-powered pencil factory. This factory was one of several in Acton and Concord at the time that brought important developments to pencil manufacturing. All that remain today of the factory are the ruins of its dam and a few mechanical components. The site is in the Nashoba Brook Conservation Area in Acton, Massachusetts, along Nashoba Brook and the old Davis Road. Visitors can access the site by following a marked path in the Nashoba Brook Conservation Area.
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[edit] 19th century Concord-based pencil industry
The American pencil industry started in Concord in the 19th century. In 1812, William Munroe, a Concord-based cabinet maker, became the first American to successfully manufacture and sell wood-encased pencils. Munroe's main competitor later became the Thoreau family pencil business in Concord, run by John Thoreau, father of Henry David Thoreau. John Thoreau's brother-in-law, Charles Dunbar, discovered a deposit of graphite in Bristol, New Hampshire, in 1821. In 1823, Dunbar asked John Thoreau to join him in manufacturing pencils from this graphite. Later, Dunbar left the firm, and it acquired the name John Thoreau & Company. Henry David Thoreau worked at his family's factory for most of his adult life.
[edit] Ebenezer Wood
The founder of the factory at this site was Ebenezer Wood (1792-1880). Wood brought several innovations to pencil manufacturing, such as the use of the circular saw and octagonal and hexagonal forms for wood pencil casings. The hexagonal form has since become common for pencils.
Ebenezer Wood was, like Munroe, a cabinet maker. It was perhaps this commonality that brought them together when Munroe hired Wood to help operate his two man-saw saw for cutting the pencil casings. Eventually, Wood brought additional machinery and automation into Munroe's factory [1].
Wood then started his own mill for grounding plumbago for the graphite used in pencils. Initially, Munroe was one of his customers. However, by the 1830s, he sold plumbago exclusively to the Thoreau company, a business relation that lasted many years [2]. Henry David Thoreau supposedly purchased his sketch pencils from Wood's factory [3].
[edit] Nashoba Brook mills
This factory was one of several mills that once drew power from Nashoba Brook. Upstream, on the other side of the Nashoba Brook Conservation Area, at , lies the Robbins Mill Pond Dam, which the town renovated in 1990. Downstream, by Brook Street, at , was another pencil factory [4].
[edit] Timeline
| 1792 | Ebenezer Wood born |
| 1812 | William Munroe starts manufacturing pencils |
| 1817 | Henry David Thoreau born |
| 1821 | Charles Dunbar discovers graphite deposit in New Hampshire |
| 1823 | John Thoreau starts working with Dunbar |
| 1830s | Wood's mill starts grinding plumbago exclusively for the Thoreau's |
| 1837 | Henry David Thoreau returns to Concord from Harvard University |
| 1862 | Henry David Thoreau dies |
| 1880 | Ebenezer Wood dies |
| 1987 | Nashoba Brook Conservation Area opens |
| 1990 | Robbins Mill Pond Dam renovated |
| 1999 | Jeff LeBlanc builds site kiosk for Eagle Scout project |
[edit] References
- ^ Acton Conservation Lands. Early American Pencils. Retrieved on January 3, 2008.
- ^ Conrad, Randall. (Fall 2005). "The Machine in the Wetland: Re-imagining Thoreau's Plumbago-Grinder". Thoreau Society Bulletin (253).
- ^ Bay Circuit Alliance. (Jan 2006). "Section 6 trail description". Bay Circuit Trail Descriptions and Maps.
- ^ Acton Historical Society. History of Acton. Retrieved on December 31, 2007.
