Mount Sanford (Alaska)
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| Mount Sanford | |
|---|---|
 Mount Sanford (left) and Mount Wrangell in 1981 |
|
| Elevation | 16,237 feet (4,949 m) |
| Location | Alaska, USA |
| Range | Wrangell Mountains |
| Prominence | 7,637 ft (2,328 m) |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: |
| Topo map | USGS Gulkana A-1 |
| Type | Shield volcano |
| Age of rock | Holocene |
| Last eruption | 320,000 bp |
| First ascent | July 21, 1938 by Terris Moore and Bradford Washburn[1] |
| Easiest route | Sheep Glacier (North Ramp) Route, Alaska Grade 2[1] |
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Mount Sanford is a shield volcano[2] in the Wrangell Volcanic Field, in eastern Alaska near the Copper River. It is the third highest volcano in the United States behind Mount Bona and Mount Blackburn. The south face of the volcano, at the head of the Sanford Glacier, rises 8,000 ft in one mile (2,400 m in 1,600 m) resulting in one of the steepest gradients in North America.
[edit] Geology
Mount Sanford is mainly composed of andesite, and is an ancient peak, being mostly of Pleistocene age, although some of the upper parts of the mountain may be of Holocene age. The mountain first began developing 900,000 years ago, when it began growing on top of three smaller shield volcanoes that had coalesced. Two notable events in the mountain's history include a large lava flow which traveled some 18 km to the north east of the peak, and a flow erupted from a rift zone on the flank of the volcano some 320,000 years ago, which was basaltic in nature, marking the most recent dated activity of the volcano. The flow was dated using radiometric methods.[2]
[edit] History
The mountain was named in 1885 by Lt. Henry T. Allen of the U.S. Army after the Sanford family (Allen was a descendant of Reuben Sanford).
Mount Sanford was first climbed on July 21, 1938 by noted mountaineers Terris Moore and Bradford Washburn, via the still standard North Ramp route up the Sheep Glacier. This route "offers little technical difficulty" and "is a glacier hike all the way to the summit"[1] but is still a serious mountaineering challenge (Alaska Grade 2) due to the altitude and latitude of the peak. The base of the route is usually accessed by air, but landing near the mountain is not straightforward.
On March 12, 1948, Northwest Airlines Flight 4422 crashed into Mount Sanford. All 24 passengers and 6 crew members were killed. The wreckage was quickly covered by snow and was not found again until 1999.[3]
The first solo ascent of Sanford was achieved on September 19, 1968, by Japanese mountaineer Naomi Uemura, who later died just after making the first solo winter ascent of Mount McKinley.[citation needed]
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ a b c Michael Wood and Colby Coombs, Alaska: a climbing guide, The Mountaineers, 2001, ISBN 0-89886-724-X, pp. 146-148.
- ^ a b Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program: Mount Sanford
- ^ Aircraft accident report
[edit] References
- Richter, Donald H.; Danny S. Rosenkrans and Margaret J. Steigerwald (1995). Guide to the Volcanoes of the Western Wrangell Mountains, Alaska. USGS Bulletin 2072.
- Richter, Donald H.; Cindi C. Preller, Keith A. Labay, and Nora B. Shew (2006). Geologic Map of the Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska. USGS Scientific Investigations Map 2877.
- Winkler, Gary R. (2000). A Geologic Guide to Wrangell—Saint Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A Tectonic Collage of Northbound Terranes. USGS Professional Paper 1616. ISBN 0-607-92676-7.
- Wood, Charles A.; Jürgen Kienle, eds. (1990). Volcanoes of North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43811-X.
