Military of Nigeria
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| Nigerian Armed Forces |
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|---|---|
| Current form | 1960 |
| Service branches | Army, Navy, Air Force |
| Available for military service |
26,802,678 males, age 18-49 (2005 est.), 25,668,446 females, age 18-49 (2005 est.) |
| Fit for military service |
15,052,914 males, age 18-49 (2005 est.), 13,860,806 females, age 18-49 (2005 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually |
1,353,180 males (2005 est.), 1,329,267 females (2005 est.) |
| Active personnel | 85,000 (ranked 51) |
| Expenditures | |
| Percent of GDP | 1.5% (2006) |
The Military of Nigeria has active duty personnel in three armed services, totalling approximately 85,000 troops and 82,000 paramilitary personnel.[1] It origins lie in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force that became Nigerian when independence was granted in 1960. In 1956 the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958 the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces.[2]
Since its creation the Nigerian military has fought in a civil war – the conflict with Biafra in 1967-70 – and sent peacekeeping forces abroad both with the United Nations and as the backbone of the ECOWAS-sponsored ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia and Sierra Leone. It has also seized power twice at home (1966 & 1983) and today ‘has become entrenched in all facets of [Nigerian] civic and economic life,’ including manipulation of national political life – General Sani Abacha’s creation of artificial political parties – and a central role in the control and management of Nigeria’s oil wealth.[3]
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[edit] Branches
[edit] Army
During the Second World War, British-trained Nigerian troops saw action when the 81st and 82nd (West Africa) Divisions fought in the Far East.
The Nigerian Army, the largest of the services, has about 67,000[4] personnel deployed in the: 1st and 2nd Mechanized Infantry Divisions (headquarters in Kaduna and Ibadan respectively), 3rd Armoured Division (HQ in Jos), 81st Division HQ in Enugu, Lagos (Amphibious), 82nd Division (Airborne and Amphibious), and the Abuja-based Guards Brigade.
The divisions are distributed brigade wise across region. The 1st Division is distributed in NW, 2nd in SW, 3rd in NE and the 82nd in SE. Lagos and Abuja have Garrison commands with Lagos garrison as large as a division. There are also Divisional Artillery Brigades, Ordinance corps as well as Combat Engineer Regiments spread across the country. The Army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigades in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia, former Yugoslavia, Angola, Rwanda, Somalia, and Sierra Leone. Ex-President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo promoted and appointed Lt Gen Owoye Andrew Azazi as the Chief of the Defence Staff (CODS). Lt. Gen. Azazi was until his new appointment the Chief of Army Staff (COAS). He replaced General Martin Luther Agwai who was also promoted and appointed the Commander of African Forces in Darfur.
Lt. Gen. Azazi's appointment took effect from 1 June 2006, as contained in the statement dated 30 May 2006, issued by the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF), Obong Ufot Ekaette.
The current COAS is Lt. Gen. Luka M. Yusuf who replaced Lt. Gen. Azazi in 2007.
[edit] Navy
In 1887, the Colonial Government of Nigeria established the Lagos Marine as a quasi-military organization combining the duties of present day Nigeria Ports Authority, the Inland Waterways and the maritime policing duties of modern day Navy.[5] When Northern and Southern Nigeria were brought together as one country in 1914, the two marine forces became the Nigeria Marine, and on 1 June 1956 after lobbying for a full-fledged naval force instead of a ports authority, the Nigerian Naval Force was established.
The Nigerian Navy command structure today consists of the Naval Headquarters based in Abuja, two operational commands with headquarters in Lagos and Calabar, two training commands with headquarters in Lagos but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria, two operational bases, five forward operational bases (with two more soon to come on stream), two dockyards located in Lagos and Port Harcourt and two fleets based in Lagos and Calabar. The Navy has 8,000 personnel, including those of the Coast Guard.[6]
The commander of the Nigerian Navy is Vice Admiral GTA Adekeye, the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS). He is assisted by 7 principal staff officers at the Headquarters known as Branch Chiefs. The PSOs are: Rear Admiral PS Adeniyi, The Chief of Policy and Plans, Rear Admiral SU Umosen, the Chief of Training and Operations, Rear Admiral D Alabi, the Chief of Accounts and Budget, Rear Admiral Jonah, the Chief of Naval Engineering, Commodore S Orishamolade, the Chief of Logistics, and Commodore B Acholonu, the Navy Secretary.
Each of the Branches consists of Directorates. The Administration Branch, for instance, consists of Directorate of Education (headed by Cdre SEA Olamilokun) and Directorate of Medical Services (headed by Cdre K Ibe Lambert). The Directorate of Naval Information, headed by Captain H Babalola, is under the Chief of Policy and Plans.
The commands are under the flag officers commanding. Rear Admiral II Ibrahim commands the Western Naval Command while Rear Admiral BA Raji commands the Eastern Naval Command. The Naval Training Command is commanded by Rear Admiral GT Ombo. The newly constituted Logistics Command is headed by Rear Admiral HOG Arogundade.
The Navy recently celebrated its Golden Jubilee in Lagos with a parade and a review of the fleet by the Commander in Chief, President Olusegun Obasanjo. To witness this colourful parade were the Chiefs of Naval Staff of African Navies and other friendly nations. In 2004, two Navy rear admirals were dismissed on corruption charges after having been convicted of involvement in the disappearance from Navy custody of the Russian oil tanker African Pride.[7]
The IISS Military Balance 2007 lists the Nigerian Navy as having one MEKO 360 class frigate, NNS Aradu, one Vosper Mk 9 corvette, Enymiri (F 83), two modified Italian Lerici class coastal minesweepers (Ohue and Marabai, commissioned in 1987 and 1988 respectively) 3 French Combattante fast missile craft (Siri, Ayam, and Ekun), and four Balsam ocean patrol craft (ex buoy tenders).[8] All these vessels are listed as having their serviceability in doubt. Vessels which may be operational are a German Lurssen 57m coastal patrol craft, 12 Defender patrol boats, the landing ship tank NNS Ambe (LST 1312), and the five logistics and support ships: one survey vessel, three tugs, and the training ship Ruwan Yaro (A 497). There are two Agusta Westland Lynx Mk.89 ASW helicopters and two Agusta A109E Power utility helicopters, all of which are probably non-operational. However in late 2006/early 2007, a naval exercise was held which saw several previously thought unservicable ships involved.[9]
CONSTRAC is the Chief of the Naval Staff Annual Training Conference. The First CONSTRAC was held at Obudu in Cross River State in Nov 2006. The Nigerian Navy has just concluded the Second Chief of the Naval Staff Training Conference in Sokoto, Nigeria. It was held at Sultan Macido School of Qu'ran and General Studies between 29 Oct 07 and 2 Nov 07.
[edit] Air Force
The Nigerian Air Force (10,000 - IISS Military Balance 2007) flies transport, trainer, helicopter, and fighter aircraft, of which the IISS says there is 'very limited operational capability'.
Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities. Nigeria has continued a strict policy of diversification in her military procurement from various countries.
[edit] Nigerian military forces abroad
In December 1983, the new Major General Muhammadu Buhari regime announced that Nigeria could no longer afford an activist anti-colonial role in Africa. That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997 from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone when civil wars broke out in those countries. President Olusegun Obasanjo in August 2003 committed Nigerian troops once again into Liberia, at the urging of the United States, to provide an interim presence until the UN's force UNMIL arrived. Charles Taylor was subsequently eased out of power and exiled to Nigeria.
In October 2004, Nigerian troops again deployed into Darfur, Sudan to spearhead an AU force to stop the genocide in Darfur. Nigeria boasts to have contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. Nigerian Police and troops have served in places like UNIPOM (UN India-Pakistan Observer mission) 1965, UNFIL Lebanon 1978,UN observer Mission (Iran-Iraq ceasefire) 1988, former Yugoslavia 1998, East-Timor 1998, and Democratic Republic of the Congo 2004.
[edit] Sources and References
- ^ IISS Military Balance 2007, Routledge, p.286
- ^ Library of Congress Country Studies, Nigeria
- ^ J. ‘Kayode Fayemi, ‘Governing the Security Sector in a Democratising Polity: Nigeria’ in Gavin Cawthra & Robin Luckham (eds) Governing Insecurity: Democratic Control of Military and Security Establishments in Transitional Democracies, Zed Books, London/New York, 2003, pp.57-77
- ^ IISS Military Balance 2007, p.287
- ^ http://www.nigeriannavy.gov.ng/history.aspx, accessed February 2008
- ^ IISS Military Balance 2007, p.287
- ^ Naval Open Source Intelligence on the Nigerian Navy, bottom two articles
- ^ IISS Military Balance 2007, Routledge, p.287. Most name and pennant number information is from Captain Richard Sharpe RN (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships 1999-2000, Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surry, p.485-7
- ^ Segun Adeyemi, 'Nigerian Navy exercise tests operational capability, 'Jane's Defence Weekly, Vol. 44, No. 5, 31 January 2007, p.16
[edit] External links
- Nigerian Army
- Nigerian Navy Education
- Nigerian Navy Education 2
- Nigerian Navy Education 3
- Jane's Defence news on Nigerian Navy
- Nigerian Military School, Zaria
- CIA World Fact Book - Nigeria
