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[edit] Icarus

The Icarus affair was an incident involving the murder of two British sailors in Nagasaki, Japan in 1867, leading to increased diplomatic tensions between Britain and the Tokugawa shogunate.

On August 5, Robert Foad and John Hutchings both aged 23, from the British warship HMS Icarus, were killed by a swordsman in the Marayuma precinct. The men had been drinking, and were sleeping near the entrance to a "tea house".[1][2] The British Consul in Nagasaki, Marcus Flowers, blamed the Tokugawa bakufu for failing to protect the men and believed that the Kaientai led by Sakamoto Ryoma was behind the killings.[3] This belief was based on rumours that the men had been seen in the area, combined with the departure of a Tosa steamer from Nagasaki soon after the incident. Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu was pressured by Sir Harry Parkes, head of the British Legation in Edo to find the culprit. An agreement was reached that the governor of Nagasaki would be dismissed and 500 men would be sent to police the foreign quarter. Subsequently, Parkes sailed to Tosa, arriving on September 3, 1867. There he was met by the bakufu commissioners. [4] By early the next month, it was decided that the Kaientai were not involved and the charges were dropped on October 4.[1]

It was revealed one year later by the Tosa samurai that a samurai of the Chikuzen clan had murdered the men, and shortly after committed ritual suicide. The Chizuzen subsequently paid compensation to the sailors' families in England.[3]

The affair diminished British trust and confidence in the bakufu and their control over Kyushu, a factor leading to the Meiji Restoration the following year.[3]

[edit] See also


Category:1867 in Japan Category:Diplomatic incidents Category:Edo period Category:History of the foreign relations of Japan

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Perkins, Dorothy (1997). Japan Goes to War:A Chronology of Japanese Military Expansion. DIANE publishing. ISBN 0788134272. 
  2. ^ Earns, Lane. R.. Like a lighthouse on a stormy night:The Seamen's home of Nagasaki. Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture.
  3. ^ a b c Burke-Gaffney, Brian and Lane R. Earns. Tales of the Nagasaki International Cemeteries. Nagasaki - People, places and scenes of the Nagasaki Foreign Settlement 1851-1941.
  4. ^ Daniels, Gordon (1996). Sir Harry Parkes: British Representative in Japan 1865-83. Routledge. ISBN 1873410360. 




[edit] Gastrolobium acutum

Gastrolobium acutum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Mirbelieae
Genus: Gastrolobium
Species: G. acutum
Binomial name
Gastrolobium acutum
Benth.
Synonyms
  • Nemcia acuta (Benth.) Domin
  • Callistachys acuta (Benth.) Kuntze
  • Oxylobium acutum (Benth.) Benth.

Gastrolobium acutum is a shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Western Australia.

[edit] Description

[edit] Taxonomy

The species was first formally described in 1839 by botanist George Bentham in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony .

[edit] Distribution

This species is usually found

[edit] References

Category:Gastrolobium Category:Flora of Western Australia


Faboideae-stub

[edit] Gastrolobium spinosum

  • Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. Prickly Poison
  • Gastrolobium triangulare (Benth.) Domin
  • Gastrolobium trilobum Benth. Bullock Poison

[edit] Gastrolobium bilobum

  • Gastrolobium acrocaroli Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium bilobum R.Br Heart-leaf Poison
  • Gastrolobium callistachys Meisn. Rock Poison
  • Gastrolobium congestum Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium cuneatum Henfr.
  • Gastrolobium grandiflorium F.Muell Wallflower Poison
  • Gastrolobium graniticum (S. Moore) Crisp Granite Poison
  • Gastrolobium involutum
  • Gastrolobium musaceum
  • Gastrolobium parviflorum
  • Gastrolobium semiteres Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium stenophyllum Turcz. Narrow-leaved Poison
  • Gastrolobium tergiversum
  • Gastrolobium tetragonophyllum (E.Pritz.) Crisp

[edit] Gastrolobium villosum

  • Gastrolobium crassifolium Benth. Thickleaf Poison
  • Gastrolobium densifolium C.A. Gardner Mallet Poison
  • Gastrolobium rotundifolium Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium tomentosum C.A. Gardner Wooly Poison
  • Gastrolobium villosum

[edit] Gastrolobium floribundum

  • Gastrolobium diablophyllum G. Chandler and Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium floribundum S. Moore Wodjil Poison
  • Gastrolobium glabratum Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium hians Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium laytonii Jean White Breelya
  • Gastrolobium microcarpum Meisn. Sandplain poison
  • Gastrolobium polystchyum Meisn. Horned Poison
  • Gastrolobium propinquuum C.A. Gardner Hutt River Poison
  • Gastrolobium pycnostachyum Benth. Mt Ragged Poison

[edit] Gastrolobium heterophyllum

  • Gastrolobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Crisp Slender Poison
  • Gastrolobium nutans G. Chandler & Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium pusillum Crisp & PH Weston

[edit] Gastrolobium obovatum

  • Gastrolobium bennettsianum C.A. Gardner Cluster Poison
  • Gastrolobium brownii Meisn.
  • Gastrolobium hookeri
  • Gastrolobium latifolium
  • Gastrolobium obovatum
  • Gastrolobium plicatum
  • Gastrolobium pulchellum
  • Gastrolobium spathulatum
  • Gastrolobium stowardii
  • Gastrolobium truncatum Benth.

[edit] Gastrolobium calycinum

  • Gastrolobium appressum C.A. Gardner Scaleleaf Poison
  • Gastrolobium calycinum Benth. York Road Poison
  • Gastrolobium hamulosum Meisn. Hook Point Poison
  • Gastrolobium oxylobioides Benth. Champion Bay Poison
  • Gastrolobium reflexum G. Chandler ms
  • Gastrolobium rigidum (C.A. Gardiner) Crisp Rigid Leaf Poison
  • Gastrolobium spectabile (Endl.) Crisp Roe's Poison
  • Gastrolobium tenue Crisp ms

[edit] Gastrolobium retusum

  • Gastrolobium alternifolium
  • Gastrolobium dorrienii
  • Gastrolobium ebracteolatum
  • Gastrolobium nervosum
  • Gastrolobium refusum

[edit] Gastrolobium pyramidale

  • Gastrolobium coriaceum
  • Gastrolobium crenulatum
  • Gastrolobium luteifolium
  • Gastrolobium pyramidale

[edit] Gastrolobium celsianum

  • red flowers
  • Gastrolobium bracteolosum
  • Gastrolobium celsianum (Lemaire) G.Chandler & Crisp Swan River Pea
  • Gastrolobium formosum
  • Gastrolobium leakianum
  • Gastrolobium melanopetalum (F. Muell.) G.Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium minus
  • Gastrolobium modestum
  • Gastrolobium praemorsum (Meisn.) G.Chandler & Crisp
  • Gastrolobium rubrum
  • Gastrolobium sericeum
  • Gastrolobium subcordatum
  • Gastrolobium vestitum
  • Gastrolobium aculeatum
  • Gastrolobium acutum
  • Gastrolobium brevipes Crisp
  • Gastrolobium crispatum
  • Gastrolobium cruciatum
  • Gastrolobium cyanophyllum
  • Gastrolobium dilatatum
  • Gastrolobium discolor
  • Gastrolobium effusum
  • Gastrolobium elegans
  • Gastrolobium epacridoides
  • Gastrolobium ferrugineum
  • Gastrolobium glaucum C.A. Gardner Spike Poison
  • Gastrolobium humile
  • Gastrolobium ovalifolium Henfr. Runner Poison
  • Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp Box Poison
  • Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp var. parvifolium ms
  • Gastrolobium parvifolium Benth. Berry Poison
  • Gastrolobium racemosum (Turcz.) Crisp
  • Gastrolobium revolutum Crisp ms
  • Gastrolobium sp. East Peak (E.D. Middleton EDM 43)
  • Gastrolobium tricuspidatum
  • Gastrolobium velutinum Lindl. Stirling Range Poison
  • Gastrolobium venulosum
  • Gastrolobium whicherensis
  • Gastrolobium wonganensis
  • Gastrolobium villosum Benth. Crinkle-leaved Poison