Media of Vietnam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Media of Vietnam are tightly regulated by the government, which views the media as "the voice of the party and of the masses" and sees its main function as being "to propagate the party's lines and policies". First and foremost, the media are a tool for government information and propaganda. Though market competition has caused the Vietnamese media to embrace popular culture, newspapers, radio and television are still compelled to reflect on the fundamentals of Marxism-Leninism and the ideals of Ho Chi Minh.[citations needed]
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[edit] Television
[edit] Vietnam Television
The first television broadcasts in Vietnam were in the 1960s when the United States set up two channels (one Vietnamese language and one in English) in Saigon.
The national broadcaster Vietnam Television, or VTV, was established in Hanoi with technical assistance and training from Cuba in September 1970. VTV now is the largest television network in the nation, broadcast in nine FTA channels and available internationally via satellite. VTV also operates the largest cable network (VCTV) and a DTH satellite service. These carry the nine FTA VTV channels (VTV1 - VTV9), nine Vietnamese subscription channels (VCTV1 - VCTV9) and about 40 international channels.
[edit] Vietnam Multimedia Corporation (VTC)
VTC is a Vietnamese State owned corporation under Ministry of Post and Telematics. It has 2 FTA channels VTC1 and VTC5 - the technology and life channel, and a number of subscription channels including VTC2 - the entertainment channel, VTC3 - The sport channel. VTC4 - the fashion and style channel, VTC6 - the movie channel. Three new channels now broadcast for examination are VTC7 - the second VTC1, VTC10 the interactive channel and VTC11 - kid's tv.
In 2006, VTC Mobile TV, one of the world's first subscription TV services for mobile phones became available using DVB-H. It is operated by Vietnam Multimedia Corporation, owners of VTC.
[edit] Local stations
These include Hanoi TV and Ho Chi Minh City Television (HTV). The latter is available over most of the Mekong Delta.
[edit] Other Subscription TV
Since 1991, hotels, restaurants, clubs, government offices and diplomatic organizations in Vietnam have been permitted under license to install and operate satellite dishes to bring in foreign programming. Nowaday, most of people in large cities (such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) subscribe to a cable network. The largest network is VCTV (a division of VTV), follows by that of Ho Chi Minh City Television, Hanoi TV (HCTV), and Saigon Tourist Cable Service (SCTV) - a join venture between VTV and Saigon Tourist company. And the latest cable history was Vietbao Cable TV was launched in October 29, 2007.
[edit] Radio
The first Vietnamese-language radio transmission was made on September 2, 1945 when Ho Chi Minh read out the Declaration of Independence.
Prior to 1945, Vietnamese people were banned from owning radio receivers, and broadcasting was under control of the French colonial government, which established the first radio station in Vietnam, Radio Saigon, in the late 1920s.
Vietnam's national radio station, now called the Voice of Vietnam, started broadcasting from Hanoi the just a week after declaration of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, Radio Hanoi operated as a propaganda tool of the North Vietnamese Army.
South Vietnam set up its own network in Saigon in 1955.
Following Reunification, all of the radio stations were combined into the Voice of Vietnam, which became the national radio station in 1978.
Today, VOV strives to offer diverse, high-quality programming. It broadcasts on six channels, repeated on Medium wave (MW) AM, FM and shortwave (SW) AM bands throughout Vietnam and the rest of the world:
- VOV1 (MW and SW) - news, current affairs and music
- VOV2 (MW and SW) - cultural and artistic programs
- VOV3 (FM) - news & music
- VOV4 (MW) - Viet Nam International Radio
- VOV5 (MW) - ethnic minority language programming
- VOV6 (SW) - world service broadcasts in 11 foreign languages
As of 2004, it was estimated that VOV’s programs reached more than 90% of all households in Vietnam.
In addition, most cities and provinces has their own radio stations.
[edit] Newspapers
As Vietnam moved toward a free-market economy with its doi moi measures, the government has relied on the print media to keep the public informed about its policies. The measure has had the effect of almost doubling the numbers of newspapers and magazines since 1996.
The first Vietnamese-language newspaper was the French-sponsored Gia Định Bao, established in Saigon in 1869. In the years that followed, both the nationalistic and the colonial sides relied on newspapers as a propaganda tool. During the final period of French colonialism many reporters were arrested and imprisoned and several newspaper offices closed by the authorities.
For Ho Chi Minh's revolutionary side, Vietnamese journalists covered the First Indochina War. After the war, presses were set up in Hanoi and the basis for the country's newspaper industry as it exists today was formed, with the main Communist Party organ, Nhan Dan (The People), established in 1951.
Current large newspapers include Tuoi Tre (Youth, published in Ho Chi Minh City, described as a "reformist" newspaper), Thanh Nien (Youth), Lao dong (Labour), Tien Phong (Vanguard), Sai Gon Giai Phong (Liberated Saigon), and Ha noi moi (New Hanoi) .
The largest online newspapers are VNexpress, Vietnam Net, Tuoi Tre, 24h.com.vn, Dan Tri.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Vietnam Pictures - A rich collection of Vietnam pictures
- Việt Nam Cultural Profile - More information about broadcasting and Internet in Việt Nam
[edit] External links
- Voice of Vietnam: State radio broadcaster
- VTV: State television broadcaster
- VTC: Digital TV
- Vietnam News Agency: Official state news agency
- Tuoi Tre (Youth): daily newspaper with highest circulation (in Vietnamese)
- Vietnam Net: Popular online newspaper
- VnExpress: Popular online newspaper
- 24h.com.vn: Popular online newspaper
- Nhan Dan (The People): Official Communist Party newspaper
- Vietbao CATV Official Site for Vietbao CATV
- VietBao Channels Vietbao CATV Channels and Program Schedule
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