Marc Mitscher

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Marc Andrew Mitscher
26 January 1887 – 3 February 1947
Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher during World War II
Nickname	"Pete"
Place of birth	Hillsboro, Wisconsin
Place of death	Norfolk, Virginia
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	U.S. Navy
Years of service	1910–1947
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	USS Wright USS Hornet Deputy Chief of Naval Operations Air Eighth Fleet Atlantic Fleet
Battles/wars	World War I World War II Battle of the Philippine Sea Battle of Iwo Jima Battle of Leyte Gulf
Awards	Navy Cross (3) Navy Distinguished Service Medal (3) Legion of Merit

Admiral Marc Andrew "Pete" Mitscher (26 January 1887 – 3 February 1947) was an admiral in the United States Navy, notable as commander of the Fast Carrier Task Force in the latter half of World War II in the Pacific.

1 Early life and career
2 Interwar assignments
3 World War II
4 Mitscher's legacy
5 References
6 See also
7 External links

[edit] Early life and career

Marc Andrew "Pete" Mitscher was born in Hillsboro, Wisconsin on 26 January 1887, the son of Oscar & Myrta (Shear) Mitscher. During the western land boom of 1888, when he was 2-years old, his family resettled in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma where his father, Oscar A. Mitscher, a federal Indian Agent, later became that city's second mayor. [1] Despite the family settlement in Oklahoma, records attest that Mitscher attended elementary and secondary schools in Washington, D.C. [2] and received an appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland in 1906. He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1910 and served at sea for two years (as required by law at that time) on board USS Colorado (ACR-7), becoming a commissioned Ensign on 7 March 1912. In August 1913 he served aboard the USS California (ACR-6) on the West Coast of the U.S. during the Mexican Campaign

Subsequent to duties on the destroyers USS Whipple (DD-15) and USS Stewart (DD-13), in September 1915 Mitscher reported for aviation training at Naval Aeronautic Station, Pensacola, Florida on board the armored cruiser USS North Carolina (ACR-12), at that time one of the first ships in the U.S. Navy to carry an airplane. Mitscher was designated Naval Aviator No. 33 on 2 June 1916. Almost a year later, on 6 April 1917, he reported to the renamed armored cruiser USS Huntington (ACR-5) (previously commissioned USS West Virginia (ACR-5), for duty in connection with aircraft catapult experiments. This duty was followed by various assignments until February 1919 when he was transferred to the Aviation Section in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations before reporting to Seaplane Division 1.

[edit] Interwar assignments

On 10 May 1919 he took off from Newfoundland as pilot of NC-1, one of three Curtiss NC Flying Boat aircraft in the Naval Transatlantic flight expedition. His plane and NC-3 landed in heavy fog near the Azores, but heavy seas prevented them from joining NC-4 in completing the first transatlantic air passage. For his part in this historic operation, Mitscher received the Navy Cross.

In addition to several shore-based commands, Mitscher, during the next two decades, served on aircraft carriers Langley and Saratoga, seaplane tender Wright, and as Commander Patrol Wing 1.

[edit] World War II

Between June 1939 and July 1941 he served as assistant chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics. Thence, he fitted out carrier Hornet and assumed command at her commissioning in October 1941. While under his command, Hornet launched the Doolittle Raid against Japan in early 1942 and thus gained fame as to their point of origin being "Shangri La" expressed during a news conference given by President Roosevelt.

Mitscher captained her during the Battle of Midway 4 to 6 June, but performance in that crucial engagement was disappointing. His was the only air group that failed to find the Japanese carriers, and the unit lost cohesion under incompetent leadership from his flight group commander. The torpedo squadron flew to destruction, unescorted, while all ten fighters ran out of fuel with loss of two pilots. However, this was credited with drawing the attention of the Japanese combat air patrols, enabling dive-bombers from the Yorktown and Enterprise to sink three of the Japanese carriers in rapid succession without loss.

Mitscher was detached from the Hornet 30 June, less than four months before her loss on 26 October during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands.

Mitscher commanded Patrol Wing 2 until December when he became commander fleet air, Nouméa. In April 1943 he became commander air, Solomon Islands, and from August to January 1944 he commanded Fleet Air, West Coast. Returning to the central Pacific as Commander, Carrier Division 3, he was appointed Vice Admiral 21 March 1944 and ordered to take command of the Fast Carrier Task Force (then 5th Fleet's TF 58). With the Lexington as his flagship for this task force, which operated alternately as 3rd Fleet's TF 38, he inflicted severe and irreparable damage on Japanese ground installations and against enemy naval and merchant shipping. His hard-hitting, wide-ranging carriers pounded the enemy from Truk to the Palaus, along the New Guinea coast, and throughout the Marianas. His eager, resourceful aviators devastated Japanese carrier forces in the Battle of the Philippine Sea—also known as the Marianas Turkey Shoot—during June 1944. Notably, when a follow-up strike was forced to return to his carriers in darkness, Mitscher earned the gratitude of his pilots by turning on the flight decks' running lights, defying standard naval procedure and ensuring that most of them were recovered.

During the next year his warring carriers spearheaded the thrust against the heart of the Japanese Empire, covering successively the invasion of the Palaus, the liberation of the Philippines, and the conquest of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. During these operations he repeatedly led the fast carriers northward to pound the Japanese home islands.

By July 1946 when he returned to the United States to serve as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), Mitscher had received, among other awards, two Gold Stars in lieu of a second and third Navy Cross and the Distinguished Service Medal with two Gold Stars. He served briefly as commander 8th Fleet and on 1 March 1946 became Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, with the rank as admiral. While serving in that capacity, Mitscher died at Norfolk, Virginia.

[edit] Mitscher's legacy

The words of Admiral Arleigh Burke provide the greatest tribute and recognition of his leadership:

"He spoke in a low voice and used few words. Yet, so great was his concern for his people—for their training and welfare in peacetime and their rescue in combat—that he was able to obtain their final ounce of effort and loyalty, without which he could not have become the preeminent carrier force commander in the world. A bulldog of a fighter, a strategist blessed with an uncanny ability to foresee his enemy's next move, and a lifelong searcher after truth and trout streams, he was above all else—perhaps above all other—a Naval Aviator."

Two ships of the Navy have been named USS Mitscher in his honor; the post-WWII frigate, USS Mitscher (DL-2) (later converted to a guided-missile destroyer (DDG-35), and the currently-serving Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer, USS Mitscher (DDG-57).

In addition to the ships named after Admiral Mitscher, the airfield and a street at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar (then, Naval Air Station Miramar) have been named in his honor (Mitscher Field and Mitscher Way).