Malter effect

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The Malter effect is named after Louis Malter, who first describe the effect. Following exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., electrons, ions, X-rays, extreme ultraviolet, vacuum ultraviolet), secondary electron emission from the surface results in the establishment of a positive charge on the surface. This positive charge produces a high electric field, resulting in the emission of electrons through the surface. This tends to pull more electrons from further beneath the surface. Eventually the sample replenishes the lost electrons, by picking up the collected secondary electrons through the ground loop.

[edit] References

• L. Malter, Phys. Rev. 50, 48 - 58 (1936)

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