Malonyl-CoA
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| Malonyl-CoA | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [524-14-1] |
| PubChem | |
| MeSH | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C24H38N7O19P3S |
| Molar mass | 853.582 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative.
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[edit] Functions
It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.
[edit] Fatty acid biosynthesis
In the former, it provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis.
Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of carbon dioxide, requiring energy rendered from ATP.
Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT). MCAT serves to transfer malonate from malonyl-CoA to the terminal thiol of holo-acyl carrier protein (ACP).
[edit] Polyketide biosynthesis
Controversy still exists as to whether MCAT is also involved in bacterial polyketide biosynthesis, however there is evidence that the acyl carrier protein from a variety of bacterial polyketide synthases is capable of self-malonylation in the presence of malonyl-CoA.
[edit] Regulation
Malonyl-CoA is a highly-regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis; as such, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA inhibits coenzyme A from associating with carnitine, thereby preventing coenzyme A from entering the mitochondria where fatty acid oxidation and degradation occur.
[edit] See also
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