Magister (degree)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Magister (also magistar, from lat.: magister = Teacher) is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education.
Contents |
[edit] Austria, Germany, and Central Europe
In Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, the Magister / Magister (FH) is about equal to a Master's degree. It usually requires four to six years of study including coursework and a final thesis, similar to a Diplom degree. Before the implementation of the Bologna process – which introduced the Bachelor's degree – the Magister was a first degree.[1]
[edit] Denmark and Norway
In Denmark and Norway the Magister is situated between the Candidate (Masters) and doctoral degrees. The degree require 7 years of studies, with strong emphasis on the scientific thesis.
It gives the holder the right to use the title mag. art. (abbreviation of the Latin magister artium - "teacher of the arts") if the degree is earned in humanities or social sciences, mag. scient. for Natural Science and (Denmark only) mag. scient. soc. for Sociology. The degree is rarely given today, and only used for humanities.
The degree was introduced in Denmark in 1848 as a supplement to the existing Candidate's degree programs, mainly extending the thesis portion of the Candidate's degree (the Candidate degree being a slightly higher degree than a Master, requiring 6 years of studies). The program was designed to be preparation for finding employment as a researcher. Sometimes the degree was obtained after the Candidate's degree had been obtained. Today most students interested in becoming researchers obtain a higher doctorate or a Ph.D.
The magister degree approximates the current Ph.D. degree used in Denmark. It also approximates the Ph.D. degree used in Norway, albeit to a slightly lesser extent (in Denmark the higher doctorates still exist, while Ph.D. is dubbed the "smaller doctorate").
[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, and other former territories of Yugoslavia
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, and other countries once part of Yugoslavia, before the implementation of the Bologna process, the magistar nauka (Magister of Science) was a research-oriented degree awarded for 2 years of study following the diplom degree and the defence of a magistarski rad (magister's thesis) .[2][3]. In order to be promoted to doktor nauka (Doctor of Science), a magistar should write and defend a doctoral thesis. Magistar um(j)etnosti (Magister of Arts) was a terminal degree in music performance, acting and visual arts. In Serbia, by decision of the Serbian Parliament (Odredba stava 2.), the status of those graduated before the Bologna process is now equivalent with Masters Degree graduates in the EU.[4] Magister's degree has been considered as equivalent of the first two years of three years doctoral studies.
See also: Diploma.
[edit] Sweden
In Sweden magister is a 4-year undergraduate university degree. To become a magister (magisterexamen) the student is required to write a final thesis (D-Uppsats). The official Swedish translation of magisterexamen is usually either Master of Arts, Master of Social Science or Master of Science depending on the subject. The most common magisterexamen is known as filosofie magister and is typically received at the humanities or natural sciences faculties. In some engineering faculties it is also possible to receive a teknologie magister, which is officially translated in English into Master of Science in Engineering. Before 1863 filosofie magister was a degree equivalent to Doctor of Philosophy.
[edit] See also
|
|||||
[edit] References
- ^ “Austria – Legislative Framework”, World Education News & Reviews 17 (3), May/June 2004, <http://www.wes.org/ewenr/04May/Austria.htm>
- ^ Eurydice – Serbia and Montenegro (2004/2005)
- ^ “Croatia – Legal Framework”, World Education News & Reviews 16 (6), Nov/Dec 2003, <http://www.wes.org/ewenr/03Nov/Croatia.htm>
- ^ "Службени гласник Републике Србије", број 76/05
