LTB

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For the snowboard company, see LTB (company).

Lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)

Identifiers

LTB; p33; TNFC; TNFSF3

External IDs

OMIM: 600978 MGI: 104796 HomoloGene: 1752

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• cytokine activity • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
Cellular Component:	• cellular_component • extracellular space • membrane • integral to membrane
Biological Process:	• immune response • signal transduction • cell-cell signaling • lymph node development

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_002341 (mRNA)
NP_002332 (protein)

NM_008518 (mRNA)
NP_032544 (protein)

Location

Chr 6: 31.66 - 31.66 Mb

Chr 17: 34.8 - 34.8 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3), also known as LTB, is a human gene.^[1]

Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lympyhotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.^[1]

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Entrez Gene: LTB lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3).

[edit] Further reading

Messer G, Spengler U, Jung MC, et al. (1991). "Polymorphic structure of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus: an NcoI polymorphism in the first intron of the human TNF-beta gene correlates with a variant amino acid in position 26 and a reduced level of TNF-beta production.". J. Exp. Med. 173 (1): 209–19. PMID 1670638.
Abraham LJ, Du DC, Zahedi K, et al. (1991). "Haplotypic polymorphisms of the TNFB gene.". Immunogenetics 33 (1): 50–3. PMID 1671667.
Browning JL, Androlewicz MJ, Ware CF (1991). "Lymphotoxin and an associated 33-kDa glycoprotein are expressed on the surface of an activated human T cell hybridoma.". J. Immunol. 147 (4): 1230–7. PMID 1714477.
Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, et al. (1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization.". Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (17): 6361–73. PMID 2995927.
Holzinger I, de Baey A, Messer G, et al. (1995). "Cloning and genomic characterization of LST1: a new gene in the human TNF region.". Immunogenetics 42 (5): 315–22. PMID 7590964.
Peelman LJ, Chardon P, Nunes M, et al. (1995). "The BAT1 gene in the MHC encodes an evolutionarily conserved putative nuclear RNA helicase of the DEAD family.". Genomics 26 (2): 210–8. PMID 7601445.
Browning JL, Ngam-ek A, Lawton P, et al. (1993). "Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface.". Cell 72 (6): 847–56. PMID 7916655.
Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, et al. (1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors.". J. Immunol. 154 (1): 33–46. PMID 7995952.
Albertella MR, Campbell RD (1994). "Characterization of a novel gene in the human major histocompatibility complex that encodes a potential new member of the I kappa B family of proteins.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (5): 793–9. PMID 8081366.
Iris FJ, Bougueleret L, Prieur S, et al. (1993). "Dense Alu clustering and a potential new member of the NF kappa B family within a 90 kilobase HLA class III segment.". Nat. Genet. 3 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1038/ng0293-137. PMID 8499947.
Nakamura T, Tashiro K, Nazarea M, et al. (1996). "The murine lymphotoxin-beta receptor cDNA: isolation by the signal sequence trap and chromosomal mapping.". Genomics 30 (2): 312–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9872. PMID 8586432.
Utans U, Quist WC, McManus BM, et al. (1996). "Allograft inflammatory factory-1. A cytokine-responsive macrophage molecule expressed in transplanted human hearts.". Transplantation 61 (9): 1387–92. PMID 8629302.
Nalabolu SR, Shukla H, Nallur G, et al. (1997). "Genes in a 220-kb region spanning the TNF cluster in human MHC.". Genomics 31 (2): 215–22. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0034. PMID 8824804.
Laham N, Van Dunné F, Abraham LJ, et al. (1997). "Tumor necrosis factor-beta in human pregnancy and labor.". J. Reprod. Immunol. 33 (1): 53–69. PMID 9185077.
Warzocha K, Renard N, Charlot C, et al. (1997). "Identification of two lymphotoxin beta isoforms expressed in human lymphoid cell lines and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238 (2): 273–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7277. PMID 9299492.
Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, et al. (1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes.". J. Immunol. 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID 9317127.
de Baey A, Fellerhoff B, Maier S, et al. (1998). "Complex expression pattern of the TNF region gene LST1 through differential regulation, initiation, and alternative splicing.". Genomics 45 (3): 591–600. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4963. PMID 9367684.
Shiina T, Tamiya G, Oka A, et al. (1998). "Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the 146-kilobase segment around the IkBL and MICA genes at the centromeric end of the HLA class I region.". Genomics 47 (3): 372–82. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5114. PMID 9480751.
Bodor J, Habener JF (1998). "Role of transcriptional repressor ICER in cyclic AMP-mediated attenuation of cytokine gene expression in human thymocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (16): 9544–51. PMID 9545284.
Neville MJ, Campbell RD (1999). "A new member of the Ig superfamily and a V-ATPase G subunit are among the predicted products of novel genes close to the TNF locus in the human MHC.". J. Immunol. 162 (8): 4745–54. PMID 10202016.