Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

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Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Classification and external resources
ICD-10	K92.2
ICD-9	578.9
eMedicine	radio/301

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, commonly abbreviated LGIB, refers to any form of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Contents 1 Diagnosis 2 Causes 3 Management 4 See also 5 External links

[edit] Diagnosis

The following suggest an LGIB:

• Melena and a negative oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
• Hematochezia
• Fecal occult blood

The following may suggest an LGIB:

• Anemia

[edit] Causes

• Coagulopathy - specifically a bleeding diathesis
• Colitis
  • ischaemic colitis
  • ulcerative colitis
  • infectious colitis
    • E. coli O157:H7
    • Shigella
    • C. difficile
    • Campylobacter jejuni
• Hemorrhoids
• Angiodysplasia
• Neoplasm - cancer
• Diverticular disease - diverticulosis, diverticulitis

[edit] Management

• Stabilize
• Basic investigations
• Rule out upper GI bleed
• Special investigations
• Definitive treatment

[edit] See also

• Fecal occult blood
• Blood in stool
• Rectal bleeding
• Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

[edit] External links

• MedlinePlus Encyclopedia 003133
• GI265 at FPnotebook

v • d • e Digestive system - Digestive disease - Gastroenterology (primarily K20-K93, 530-579) Esophagus Esophagitis - GERD - Achalasia - Boerhaave syndrome - Nutcracker esophagus - Zenker's diverticulum - Mallory-Weiss syndrome - Barrett's esophagus Stomach/ duodenum Peptic (gastric/duodenal) ulcer - Gastritis - Gastroenteritis - Duodenitis - Dyspepsia - Pyloric stenosis - Achlorhydria - Gastroparesis - Gastroptosis - Portal hypertensive gastropathy - Gastric antral vascular ectasia Hernia Inguinal (Indirect, Direct) - Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic - Hiatus Noninfective enteritis & colitis Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis) - noninfective gastroenteritis Other intestinal vascular (Abdominal angina, Mesenteric ischemia, Ischemic colitis, Angiodysplasia) - Ileus/Bowel obstruction (Intussusception, Volvulus) - Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) other functional intestinal disorders (Constipation, Diarrhea, Megacolon/Toxic megacolon, Proctalgia fugax) - Anal fissure/Anal fistula - Anal abscess - Rectal prolapse - Proctitis (Radiation proctitis) Liver/hepatitis Alcoholic liver disease - Liver failure (Hepatic encephalopathy, Acute liver failure) - Cirrhosis - PBC - Liver abscess - Autoimmune hepatitis - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome Accessory digestive Gallbladder: Gallstones - Choledocholithiasis - Cholecystitis - Cholesterolosis - Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses Biliary tree: Cholangitis - Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome - PSC - Biliary fistula - Ascending cholangitis Pancreatic: Acute pancreatitis - Chronic pancreatitis - Pancreatic pseudocyst - Hereditary pancreatitis - Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency - Pancreatic fistula Other/general Appendicitis - Peritonitis (Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) Malabsorption (coeliac, Tropical sprue, Blind loop syndrome, Whipple's) postprocedural: Gastric dumping syndrome - Postcholecystectomy syndrome bleeding: Hematemesis - Melena - Gastrointestinal bleeding (Upper, Lower) See also congenital