Lombard's Paradox

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Lombard's Paradox describes a paradoxical muscular contraction in humans. When standing up from a sitting position, both the hamstrings and quadriceps contract at the same time. However, these muscle groups are antagonistic, meaning that they should not contract at the same time.

The rectus femoris biarticular muscle acting over the hip has a smaller hip moment arm than the hamstrings. However, the rectus femoris moment arm is greater over the knee than the hamstring knee moment. This means that contraction from both rectus femoris and hamstrings will result in hip and knee extension. Hip extension also adds a passive stretch component to rectus femoris, which results in a knee extension force. This paradox allows for efficient movement, especially during gait.

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[edit] External links

Andrews JG (1987). "The functional roles of the hamstrings and quadriceps during cycling: Lombard's Paradox revisited". J Biomech 20 (6): 565–75. PMID 3611133.
Gregor RJ, Cavanagh PR, LaFortune M (1985). "Knee flexor moments during propulsion in cycling--a creative solution to Lombard's Paradox". J Biomech 18 (5): 307–16. PMID 4008501.