LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0

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LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0
LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0
45333 and 44665 inside Annesley shed on 11 September 1965. 45333 has a domed boiler, whilst 44665 has one of the later Ivatt forward top-feed type boilers.
Power type Steam
Designer William Stanier
Builder LMS Crewe Works
LMS Derby Works
LMS Horwich Works
Vulcan Foundry
Armstrong Whitworth (327)
Build date 1934-1951
Total production 842
Configuration 4-6-0
UIC classification 2'Ch
Gauge 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm)
Leading wheel size 39.5 in (1.003 m)
Driver size 72 in (1.829 m)
Length 63 ft 7¾ in or 63 ft 11¾ in
Locomotive weight 72.2 long tons (73.4 t) to 75 long tons (76.2 t)
Fuel type Coal
Fuel capacity 9 long tons (9.1 t)
Water capacity 4,000 imp gal (18,000 l)
Boiler LMS type 3B
Boiler pressure 225 psi (1.55 MPa) superheated
Fire grate area 27.75 sq ft (2.578 m²) or 28.5 sq ft (2.65 m²)
Heating surface: Firebox 156 sq ft (14.5 m²) or 171 sq ft (15.9 m²)
Cylinders Two, outside
Cylinder size 18½×26 in (470×660 mm)
Valve gear Most Walschaerts, some outside Stephenson or Caprotti
Tractive effort 25,455 lbf (113.23 kN)
Class LMS: 5P5F
BR: 5MT
Retired 1961–1968

The London Midland and Scottish Railway's Class 5 4-6-0, almost universally known as the Black Five, is a class of steam locomotive. It was introduced by William Stanier in 1934 and 842 were built between then and 1951. Members of the class survived to the last day of steam on British Railways, in 1968 and eighteen are preserved.

Contents

[edit] Origins

The Black Fives were a mixed traffic locomotive, a "do-anything go-anywhere" type, designed by Stanier, who had previously been with the GWR. In his early LMS days he designed his Stanier Mogul 2-6-0 in which he experimented with the GWR school of thought on Locomotive design. A number of details in this design he would never use again realising the superiority of details not used on the GWR. But Stanier realised that there was a need for larger locomotives. These were to be the LMS's version of the GWR Halls. They shared similar cylinder arrangement (two outside), internal boiler design and size and 6 foot driving wheel diameters.

[edit] Construction

There were a number of detail variations in the locomotives, and they did not all remain in the same condition as built. Some locomotives built under British Railways administration were used as test beds for various design modifications with a view to incorporating the successful modifications in the Standard Classes of locomotives built from 1951 onwards. These modifications included outside Caprotti valve gear, roller bearings (both Timken and Skefco types) on the driving coupled axles and an experimental steel firebox with a rocking firegrate (for ease of cleaning). Other locomotives had modified draughting to "self clean" the smokebox.

[edit] The domeless engines

Numbering started from 5000, with the first twenty being ordered from Crewe Works and a further eighty from the Vulcan Foundry. The first to emerge was the first Vulcan Foundry engine, 5020, in 1934; the first Crewe-built engine, 5000 not completed until 1935. The originals were built with domeless, straight throatplate boilers with low degree superheat (14 elements). However, many received later type boilers later in their lives.

[edit] The prewar domed engines

A further 227 were ordered from Armstrong-Whitworth in 1936, the largest single locomotive order ever given by a British railway to an outside contractor. Crewe built a further 142. These had domed high degree superheat boilers.

5471, built at Crewe in 1938 would be the last built for five years. During the early stages of the Second World War the priority was for heavy freight engines and the closely-related 8Fs were produced in vast numbers.

[edit] Wartime and postwar domed engines

In 1943 construction was restarted with Derby Works building its first. However, after number 5499 was built, the numbering block hit that of the Patriot Class, and so new engines were numbered from 4800 onwards. However, after another 200 were built they again ran out of numbers, so they started numbering below 4800. By this time, the LMS had been nationalisated into British Railways and BR added 40000 to all their numbers. Eventually the 842 examples would number 44658-45499.

[edit] Ivatt engines and experimental modifications

Post-war examples were built with forward topfeeds. In 1948 George Ivatt introduced more modifications to bearings and valve gear. 4767 was built with Stephenson link motion in 1947. 44738-57 were built with Caprotti valve gear. The last two, 44686 and 44687 built at Horwich in 1951, had even more modifications.

44662 at Leeds City in 1966 or 1967 with an Ivatt forward topfeed boiler.

44694 and 45209 at Bradford Exchange

44964 passing St. Dunstans


Number Lot No. Date Built at Boiler type Valve gear (Walschaerts unless stated) Bearings (plain unless stated) Additional notes
LMS BR
- 44658-67 199 1949 Crewe Forward topfeed
- 44668/9 199 1949 Horwich Forward topfeed Skefco roller bearings on driving axles
- 44670-7 199 1950 Horwich Forward topfeed Skefco roller bearings on driving axles
- 44678-85 199 1950 Horwich Forward topfeed Skefco roller bearings throughout
- 44686/7 199 1951 Horwich Forward topfeed British Caprotti Skefco roller bearings throughout
- 44688-97 199 1950 Horwich Forward topfeed Timken roller bearings on driving axles
- 44698-717 192 1948 Horwich Forward topfeed
- 44718-27 192 1948 Crewe Forward topfeed Steel firebox
- 44728-37 192 1948 Crewe Forward topfeed
- 44738-47 187 1948 Crewe Forward topfeed Caprotti Timken roller bearings throughout
4748-53 44748-53 187 1948 Crewe Forward topfeed Caprotti Timken roller bearings throughout
- 44754-5 187 1948 Crewe Forward topfeed Caprotti
- 44756-7 187 1948 Crewe Forward topfeed Caprotti double chimney
4758-66 44758-66 187 1947 Crewe Forward topfeed Timken roller bearings throughout
4767 44767 187 1948 Crewe Forward topfeed Stephenson link motion Timken roller bearings throughout double chimney, preserved
4768-82 44768-82 187 1947 Crewe Forward topfeed
4783-99 44783-99 187 1947 Horwich Forward topfeed
4800-6 44800-6 153 1944 Derby Domed
4807-25 44807-25 170 1944 Derby Domed
4826-60 44826-60 170 1945 Derby Domed
4861-71 44861-71 170 1945 Crewe Domed
4872-920 44872-920 174 1945 Crewe Domed
4921-31 44921-31 174 1945 Crewe Domed
4932-43 44932-43 174 1945 Horwich Domed
4944-66 44944-66 174 1946 Horwich Domed
4967-81 44967-81 174 1946 Crewe Domed
4982-90 44982-90 183 1946 Horwich Domed
4991-6 44991-6 183 1947 Horwich Domed
4997-9 44997-9 187 1947 Horwich Forward topfeed
5000-19 45000-19 114 1935 Crewe Domeless
5020-65 45020-65 119 1934 Vulcan Foundry Domeless
5066-9 45066-9 119 1935 Vulcan Foundry Domeless
5070-4 45070-4 122 1935 Crewe Domeless
5075-5124 45075-5124 123 1935 Vulcan Foundry Domeless
5125-5224 45125-5224 124 1935 Armstrong Whitworth Domeless
5225-98 45225-98 131 1936 Armstrong Whitworth Domed
5299-5451 45299-5451 131 1937 Armstrong Whitworth Domed
5452-71 45452-71 142 1938 Crewe Domed
5472-81 45472-81 151 1943 Derby Domed
5482-91 45482-91 152 1944 Derby Domed
5492-9 45492-9 153 1944 Derby Domed

[edit] Names

One of only a handful of named black fives, 45154 Lanarkshire Yeomanry at Sheffield Brightside on 20 September 1959.
One of only a handful of named black fives, 45154 Lanarkshire Yeomanry at Sheffield Brightside on 20 September 1959.

Only four black fives received names, though several have been named in preservation (see below). All of them were named after Scottish regiments. In addition, there is some evidence to suggest that 5155 carried the name Queen's Edinburgh during the Second World War, though no-one has managed to confirm this.

Number Name
LMS BR
5154 45154 Lanarkshire Yeomanry
5156 45156 Ayrshire Yeomanry
5157 45157 The Glasgow Highlander
5158 45158 Glasgow Yeomanry

[edit] Preservation

45305 on the Great Central Railway
45305 on the Great Central Railway
45231 and 45305 on shed.
45231 and 45305 on shed.

18 have been preserved, these being:

Number Location
LMS BR
4767 44767 North Yorkshire Moors Railway
4806 44806 Llangollen Railway
4871 44871 East Lancashire Railway
4901 44901 Vale of Glamorgan Railway
4932 44932 Midland Railway Butterley
5000 45000 National Railway Museum
5025 45025 Strathspey Railway
5110 45110 Severn Valley Railway
5163 45163 Colne Valley Railway
5212 45212 North Yorkshire Moors Railway
5231 45231 East Lancashire Railway
5293 45293 Colne Valley Railway
5305 45305 Great Central Railway
5337 45337 East Lancashire Railway
5379 45379 Mid-Hants Railway
5407 45407 East Lancashire Railway
5428 45428 North Yorkshire Moors Railway
5491 45491 Midland Railway Butterley

[edit] Sound

[edit] In fiction

In The Railway Series of children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry, the character Henry the Green Engine, in his later form, is based on a Black Five.[1]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ The Rev. W., Awdry (1987). The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways. Kaye & Ward, (p129). ISBN 0 434 92762 7. 

[edit] External links

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London, Midland and Scottish Railway locomotives
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Ivatt:
British Railways steam locomotives · GWR locomotives · LMS locomotives · LNER locomotives · Southern Railway locomotives