List of victims of Nazism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Holocaust
Early elements
Racial policy · Nazi eugenics · Nuremberg Laws · Forced euthanasia · Concentration camps (list)
Jews
Jews in Nazi Germany 1933–9

Pogroms: Kristallnacht · Bucharest · Dorohoi · Iaşi · Kaunas · Jedwabne · Lviv

Ghettos: Łachwa · Łódź · Lwów · Kraków · Budapest · Theresienstadt · Kovno · Vilna · Warsaw

Einsatzgruppen: Babi Yar · Rumbula · Ponary · Odessa · Erntefest

Final Solution: Wannsee · Operation Reinhard · Holocaust trains

Extermination camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau · Bełżec · Chełmno · Majdanek · Sobibór · Treblinka

Resistance: Jewish partisans · Ghetto uprisings (Warsaw)

End of World War II: Death marches · Berihah · Displaced persons
Other victims

Roma · Homosexuals · Disabled individuals · Slavs in Eastern Europe · Poles · Soviet POWs
Responsible parties

Nazi Germany: Hitler · Himmler · Kaltenbrunner · Heydrich · Eichmann · SS · Gestapo · SA

Collaborators

Aftermath: Nuremberg Trials · Denazification · Reparations Agreement
between Israel and West Germany
Lists
Survivors · Victims · Rescuers
Resources
The Destruction of the European Jews Functionalism versus intentionalism
v • d • e

This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements.

This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, lost their lives as a result of Nazism. This list includes those whose deaths were part of The Holocaust as well as individuals who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. People who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the National Socialists or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

This list is sorted by occupation and within by nationality.


Contents

[edit] Theatre and film

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Hana Brady 1931-1944, aged 13, Auschwitz Czech girl portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story
René Blum 1878-1942, Auschwitz French founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo
Ernst Arndt 1861-1942/3, Treblinka German writer and poet
Maria Bard 1900-1944, suicide, Berlin? German actress
Kurt Gerron 1897-1944, Auschwitz German performer, actor, film director
Dora Gerson 1899-1943, Auschwitz German actress, cabaret singer
Joachim Gottschalk 1904-1941, suicide, Berlin German actor
Joseph Schmidt 1904-1942, Gyrenbad Ukrainian singer, actor

[edit] Literature and publishing

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Else Feldmann 1884-1942, Sobibór Austrian writer and journalist
Egon Friedell 1878-1938, suicide to avoid deportation Austrian writer and philosopher
Peter Hammerschlag 1902-1942, Auschwitz Austrian writer and graphic artist
Stefan Zweig 1881-1942, suicide, Brazil Austrian writer
Jura Soyfer 1912-1939, Buchenwald Austrian journalist, writer
Yitzhak Katzenelson 1886-1944, Auschwitz Belarusian teacher, writer
Petr Ginz 1928–1944, aged 16, Auschwitz Czech editor of Vedem
Julius Fučík 1903-1943, Plötzensee Prison Czech resistance leader
Milena Jesenská 1896-1944, Ravensbrück Czech journalist
Paul Kornfeld 1889-1942 Czech writer
Karel Poláček 1892-1944, Auschwitz Czech writer
Vladislav Vančura 1891-1942, Prague Czech writer, doctor
Etty Hillesum 1914-1943, Auschwitz Dutch writer, diary author
Helga Deen 1925-1943, Sobibór Dutch author of a published diary
Benjamin Fondane 1898-1944, Auschwitz French poet, literary critic
Walter Benjamin 1892-1940, suicide to avoid deportation German literary critic and philosopher
Felix Fechenbach 1894-1933, executed during the deportation to Dachau German journalist and activist
Walter Hasenclever 1890-1940, suicide to avoid deportation German expressionist writer
Jakob van Hoddis 1887-1942, Sobibór German writer
Jochen Klepper 1903-1942, suicide in Berlin German writer
Erich Knauf 1895-1944, in Brandenburg German journalist, poet
Adam Kuckhoff 1887-1943, in Berlin-Plötzensee German writer, dramatist, resistance fighter
Erich Mühsam 1878-1934, Oranienburg German writer, anarchist
Willi Münzenberg 1889-1940, suicide/murder in France German publisher, politician
Friedrich Münzer 1868-1942, Theresienstadt German philologist
Carl von Ossietzky 1889-1938, Berlin German publicist
Erich Salomon 1886-1944, Auschwitz German photojournalist
Libertas Schulze-Boysen 1913-1942, Berlin-Plötzensee German film critic, resistance fighter
Miklós Radnóti 1909-1944, shot into a mass grave near the village of Abda in Northwestern Hungary Hungarian poet
Antal Szerb 1901-1945, in a concentration camp in Balf Hungarian writer, literary scholar
Mordechai Gebirtig 1877-1942, Krakau Ghetto Polish Yiddish poet, musician and composer
Bruno Schulz 1892-1942, Drohobycz Ghetto Polish writer
Wilhelm Eduard Schmid d. 1934, accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives in a case of mistaken identity German music critic
Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger 1924-1942, aged 18, Mikhailovska labor camp in rural Ukraine Romanian writer
David Vogel 1891-1944, Auschwitz Russian Hebrew writer
Anton de Kom 1898-1945, Neuengamme Surinamese author, human rights activist
Irène Némirovsky 1903-1942, Auschwitz Ukrainian writer
Anne Frank 1929-1945, aged 15, Bergen-Belsen Dutch writer (diarist)

[edit] Visual arts and design

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Friedl Dicker-Brandeis 1896-1944, Birkenau close to Auschwitz Austrian artist
Felix Nussbaum 1904-1944, Auschwitz Austrian painter
Josef Čapek 1887-1945, Bergen-Belsen Czech painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer
Samuel J. de Mesquita 1868-1944, Auschwitz Dutch painter and designer
Abraham Icek Tuschinski 1886-1942, Auschwitz Dutch designer of the Tuschinski Theater
Max Jacob 1876-1944, Drancy deportation camp French artist
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner 1880-1938, suicide, Davos German painter
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler 1899-1940, Aktion T4 victim, Pirna German painter
Charlotte Salomon 1917-1943, Auschwitz German painter
Jan Rubczak 1884-1942, Auschwitz Polish painter, graphic artist
Nicolaus Rossini 1898-1943 Kraków-Płaszów Polish artist, wartime hero

[edit] Music

See also: List of composers influenced by the Holocaust

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Pavel Haas 1899-1944, Auschwitz Czech composer
Gideon Klein 1919-1945, Auschwitz Czech composer
Hans Krása 1899-1944, Auschwitz Czech (Bohemian) composer
Erwin Schulhoff 1894-1942, Wülzburg concentration camp Czech composer, jazz pianist
Viktor Ullmann 1898-1944, Auschwitz Czech composer, pianist
Karlrobert Kreiten 1916-1943, Berlin-Plötzensee German pianist
Alma Rosé 1906-1944, Auschwitz Austrian violinist, conductor
Józef Koffler 1896-1944, Krosno Polish composer, teacher, columnist
Leo Smit 1900-1943, Sobibór Dutch composer
Marcel Tyberg 1893-1944, Auschwitz Austrian composer, pianist, conductor

[edit] Humanities

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Mildred Harnack 1902-1943, Berlin-Plötzensee American literary historian, translator, resistance fighter
Elise Richter 1865-1943, Theresienstadt Austrian Romance philology professor
Simon Dubnow 1860-1941, at Riga ghetto during the the Rumbula massacre Belarusian historian, writer, activist
Norbert Jokl 1877-1942, Rossau Czech albanologist
Marc Bloch 1886-1944 Saint-Didier-de-Formans French historian, resistance leader
Maurice Halbwachs 1877-1945, Buchenwald French philosopher
Georges Politzer 1902-1942, executed French philosopher
Walter Benjamin 1892-1940, suicide to avoid extradition, Portbou German philosopher
Friedrich Münzer 1868-1942, Theresienstadt German classical scholar

[edit] Mathematics

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Georg Alexander Pick 1859-1943, Theresienstadt Austrian Pick's theorem
Felix Hausdorff 1868-1942, suicide, Bonn German one of the founders of modern topology
Friedrich Hartogs 1874-1943, suicide, Großhesselohe German foundational work in set theory
Robert Remak d.1942, Auschwitz German
Adolf Lindenbaum 1904-1941, Ghetto Vilnius Polish work in set theory
Antoni Łomnicki 1881-1941, Massacre of Lwów Polish Polish mathematician
Stanisław Ruziewicz 1889-1941, Massacre of Lwów Polish Ruziewicz problem
Stanisław Saks 1897-1942, murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw Polish work in measure theory
Włodzimierz Stożek 1883-1941, Massacre of Lwów Polish Polish mathematician
Alfred Tauber 1866-1942, Theresienstadt Slovakian Tauberian theorems

[edit] Natural sciences

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Ernst Cohen 1869-1944, Auschwitz Dutch chemist, work on the allotropy of metals
Walter Arndt 1891-1944, executed, Brandenburg German zoologist

[edit] Medicine, psychology, paedagogy

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Adolf Reichwein 1898-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German doctor, educator, politician
Elisabeth von Thadden 1890-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German educator
Karl Rosenmayer d. 1942 German physician, surgeon
Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński 1874-1941, Massacre of Lwów Polish paediatrician, poet, translator
Antoni Cieszyński 1882-1941, Massacre of Lwów Polish physician, dentist, surgeon
Władysław Dobrzaniecki 1897-1941, Massacre of Lwów Polish physician, surgeon
Janusz Korczak 1878-1942, Treblinka Polish doctor, child physician, wartime hero

[edit] Law, business

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Maurice Halbwachs 1877-1945, Buchenwald French sociologist, economist, philosopher, developer of collective memory
Elisabeth de Rothschild 1902-1945, Ravensbrück French wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild
Klaus Bonhoeffer 1901-1945, executed, Berlin German jurist, resistance fighter
Hans von Dohnanyi 1902-1945, executed, Sachsenhausen German jurist, resistance fighter
Reinhold Frank 1896-1945, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German lawyer, member of July 20 Plot
Martin Gauger 1905-1941, NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein German jurist, pacifist, member of the Kreisau Circle
Franz Kaufmann 1886-1944, Sachsenhausen German jurist
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke 1907-1945, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German jurist, founder of the Kreisau Circle
Karl Sack 1896-1945, executed, Flossenbürg German jurist, member of the July 20 plot
Rüdiger Schleicher 1895-1945, executed, Berlin German resistance fighter
Kazimierz Proszyński 1875-1945, Mauthausen Polish inventor

[edit] Theology, spirituality, religion

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Kai Munk 1898-1944, murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark Danish theologian, playwright
Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1906-1945, Flossenbürg German Lutheran pastor, theologian
Regina Jonas 1902-1944, Auschwitz German woman Rabbi
Jochen Klepper 1903-1942, suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin German theologian, journalist
Friedrich Lorenz 1897-1944, executed, Halle an der Saale German priest, member of Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
Paul Schneider 1897-1939, Buchenwald German clergyman
Edith Stein 1891-1942, Auschwitz German nun, Catholic saint (born Jewish)
Sándor Büchler 1869-1944, Auschwitz Hungarian rabbi, historian
Avraham Yitzchak Bloch 1891-1941, murdered in a massaker of the male population of Telz Lithuanian Chief Rabbi, rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva
Elchonon Wasserman 1875-1941, Kovno Lithuanian rabbi, rosh yeshiva
Azriel Rabinowitz 1905-1941, murdered in a massaker of the male population of Telz Lithuanian rabbi, rosh yeshiva at the Telz Yeshiva
Shimon Shkop 1860-1940, Grodno Lithuanian rosh yeshiva, Talmudic scholar
Maximilian Kolbe 1894-1941, Auschwitz Polish friar, Catholic saint
Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski 1913-1945, Dachau Polish priest
Karl Ernst Krafft 1900-1945, during transport to Buchenwald Swiss astrologer, occultist

[edit] Sport

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Alfred Flatow 1869-1942, Theresienstadt German gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist
Gustav Flatow 1875-1945, Theresienstadt German gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist
Bronisław Czech 1908-1944, Auschwitz Polish skier: Olympian
János Garay (fencer) 1889-1945, Mauthausen Hungarian fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist
Oszkár Gerde 1883-1944, Mauthausen Hungarian fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist
Otto Herschmann 1877-1942, Izbica transit camp Austrian fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist
Roman Kantor 1912-1943, Majdanek concentration camp Polish fencer; Olympian
Janusz Kusociński 1907-1940, executed in Palmiry Polish athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist
Salo Landau 1903-1944, Gräditz concentration camp Dutch chess player
Vera Menchik 1906-1944, killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid in South London British-Czech chess player; world champion
Victor Perez 1911-1945, Auschwitz Tunisian boxer; world flyweight champion
Attila Petschauer 1904-1943, Davidovka concentration camp Hungarian fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist
Werner Seelenbinder 1904-1944, executed, Brandenburg an der Havel German wrestler; Olympian
Johann Wilhelm Trollmann 1907-1943, Neuengamme German boxer; German national champion

[edit] Politics, resistance

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Edgar André 1894-1936, executed, Hamburg German Communist
Friedrich Aue 1896-1944, executed, Brandenburg German Communist
Judith Auer 1905-1944, executed, Berlin German resistance fighter
Bernhard Bästlein 1894-1944, executed, Brandenburg German Communist
Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff d. 1945, murdered in custody, Berlin German diplomat
Cato Bontjes van Beek 1920-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German resistance fighter
Rudolf Breitscheid 1874-1944, Buchenwald German Social democrat
Hans Coppi 1916-1942, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German resistance fighter
Hilde Coppi 1909-1943, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German resistance fighter
Otto Eggerstedt d. 1933, Esterwegen German Social democrat
Fritz Elsas d. 1945, Sachsenhausen German politician
Georg Elser 1903-1945, executed, Dachau German manual labourer, Rotfront-Kämpfer
Yitzhak Gitterman 1889-1943, fighting in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Polish Politician, Director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
Carl Friedrich Goerdeler 1884-1945, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist
Herschel Grynszpan 1921-1943/1945, location and date of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison Berlin-Moabit German resistance fighter
Max Habermann d. 1944, prison in Gifhorn German trade unionist
Albrecht Haushofer 1903- 1945, executed, Berlin-Moabit German diplomat, writer
Rudolf Henning d. 1944, executed, Sachsenhausen German
Rudolf Hilferding 1877-1941, in Gestapo custody, Paris German Social democrat
Otto Hirsch d. 1941, Mauthausen concentration camp German Representation of German Jews
Camill Hoffmann d. 1944, Auschwitz German diplomat, writer
Martin Hoop 1892-1933, Zwickau German Communist, District Leader KPD, Saxony
Franz Jacob d. 1944, executed, Brandenburg German Communist
Walter Krämer d. 1941, "shot while trying to escape", KZ Goslar German Communist
Marian Kudera d. 1944, executed, Dachau German resistance fighter
Albert Kuntz d. 1945, posterior to torture Nordhausen German Communist
Ludwig Landmann 1868-5 March 1945, starved to death in hiding place German DDP Politician, Mayor of Frankfurt am Main
Julius Leber 1891-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German Socialist
Wilhelm Leuschner 1890-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German Politician
Marinus van der Lubbe 1909-1934, Leipzig Dutch Council Communist
August Lütgens d. 1933, executed, Amtsgericht Altona German Communist
Rosa Manus d. 1943, Ravensbrück German Women's rights advocate
Walter Möller d. 1933, executed, Amtsgericht Altona German Communist
Ottilie Pohl d. 1942, Theresienstadt German resistance fighter
Fritz Pröll 1915-1944, suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen German resistance fighter
Anton Saefkow 1903-1944, executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg German Communist, resistance fighter
Ernst Schneller d. 1944, executed, Sachsenhausen German KPD Politician
Werner Scholem d. 1940, Buchenwald German Communist
Hans Scholl 1918-1943, executed, Munich-Stadelheim Prison German resistance fighter, medical student
Sophie Scholl 1921-1943, executed, Munich-Stadelheim Prison German resistance fighter, student
Bruno Tesch 1913-1933, executed, Amtsgericht Altona German Communist
Ernst Thälmann 1886-1944, executed, Buchenwald German KPD Politician
Mathias Thesen d. 1944, executed, Sachsenhausen German
Adam von Trott zu Solz d. 1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German diplomat
Karl Wolff died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona German Communist
Richard Schmitz 1885-1938 survived Dachau Austrian mayor of Vienna
Georges Mandel 1885-1944, murdered in the Forest of Fontainbleau French politician, resistance leader
Victor Basch 1877-1945, assassinated by the Vichy French Milice French esthetician, politician
Jenő Deutsch  (Eugen Deutsch) 1879-1944 Hungarian social democratic politician [1]
Kazimierz Bartel 1882-1941, executed Polish Prime Minister of Poland 1926-1930
Stefan Rowecki 1895-1944, executed in Warsaw Polish general, journalist, leader of the Armia Krajowa
Stefan Starzyński 1893-1943, fate unknown, possibly died in Dachau Polish politician, economist, writer, statesman

[edit] Military

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Erich Fellgiebel 1886-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich
Ludwig Beck 1880-1944, executed, Berlin German General, Putschist
Werner von Haeften 1908-1944, executed, Berlin German jurist, adjutant of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg
Erich Hoepner 1886-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition about Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg
Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim 1905-1944, executed, Berlin German General, Putschist
Friedrich Olbricht 1888-1944, executed, Berlin German General, Putschist
Hans Oster 1887-1945, executed, Flossenbürg German Chief of staff
Harro Schulze-Boysen 1909-1942, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German officer, publicist
Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg 1907-1944, executed, Berlin German Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist
Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1886-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German military commander in occupied France
Henning von Tresckow 1901-1944, suicide, near Ostrov, Russia German Major General, Putschist
Erwin von Witzleben 1881-1944, executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German retired Field Marshal
Wilhelm Canaris 1887-1945, executed, Flossenbürg German military information service
Erwin Rommel 1891-1944, executed German Army(Wehrmacht), Feld Marchall
Dmitry Karbyshev 1880-1945, executed, Mauthausen Russian Army(RKKA), engineer commander
Dimitri Zouralis d. 1941, executed Greek Army(Greek), Commander

[edit] See also