Talk:Limonene
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Anyone know where limonene for industrial purposes comes from? I strongly suspect it's extracted from orange skins as a by-product of orange juice manufacture, but this is conjecture on my part. Malcolm Farmer 09:20, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
- so I looked up limonene manufacturers. Biggest one in the US is basd in Flarida, manufactures citrus oil. Solved. Malcolm Farmer 09:44, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
- simply googling limonene found me several very details information webpage. Wim van Dorst 22:17, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC).
Does anyone know why citrus oil is classified R65 in Europe while the main component limonene is classified R43+R38 for human health? I have not found any other major component of citrus oil (citral, citronellal, decanal, ...) classified as R65? --moliate 23:31, 23 November 2005 (UTC)
- The R65 classification is incorrect, the classification for cas 8028-48-6 or einecs 232-433-8 in the ecb database conflicts the one for dipentene. Especially for aquatoxic labelling this is a problem, hopefulle this will be resolved when GHS is applied.
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[edit] Conflicting results on health issues
The article as it stands now provides a very one-sided and maybe even factually inaccurate picture of the health effects of (d-)limonene, as anyone can see when glancing over the wealth of studies that have been performed on the subject.
For example:
- Almost all studies mentioning limonene with respect to skin irritation refer to oxidized limonene only. Although limonene reacts eagerly with oxygen, natural sources of limonene such as fresh citrus peel also contain powerful antioxidants, which would lower their potential to cause skin irritation. Other sources of exposure such as cleaning agents which do not normally contain antioxidants and which are typically used for longer periods of time after production, would be more irritating. [1] [2] [3]
- While some studies have found skin and renal cancer enhancing effects in rodents, others have failed to establish such a link. [4] [5]
- Other studies found anti-tumor activity with respect to mammary cancer in rats. [6] [7] [8]
- Most interestingly, studies have suggested that limonene can cause regression of human skin, breast, gastric and pancreatic cancer. [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
So whether the net effect of d-limonene on human health is detrimental or even beneficial is at the present unclear. In effect, after reading the abstracts from the above-mentioned studies, I am inclined to believe that reasonable dietary doses from fresh (organic) citrus peel are probably the latter. Aragorn2 22:29, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
[edit] environmentally friendly conflict
this phrase: "Limonene is increasingly being used as an environmentally friendly alternative to mineral oils as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as the removal of oil from machine parts, being more easily biodegradable than mineral oils"
conflicts with the EU labelling: R50/53: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
A substance classified as R50/53 is certainly not environmentally friendly.
[edit] Environmental risks?
--64.131.184.193 06:23, 4 May 2007 (UTC) I came across this looking for an environmental way to kill ants, and it is indeed being marketed as that. And I have to say--it kills ants and seems to mess up their trails but not affect the colony. Does anyone know the long-term affects of using this for the environment? At what concentration does it affect aquatic animals?
[edit] Limonene and Cannabidiol
Limonene's structure is present in that of cannabidiol. shoul this be mentioned in the article —Preceding unsigned comment added by The Right Honourable (talk • contribs) 06:22, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
[edit] Limonene Exposed to Ozone
I read an article by the Calif. Air Resources Board claiming that Limonene, coming in contact with Ozone, quickly produces Formaldehyde. This was an article attempting to show the detrimental effects of Ozone producing air purifiers. Their other test prtocols and statments made me skeptical of their findings. They didn't even differentiate between d-Limonen or l-Limonene, etc. Any thoughts or conclusions out there about Limonene coming in contact with Ozone at 1ppm to .03ppm? Thanks, Larry —Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.101.1.119 (talk) 18:52, 11 March 2008 (UTC)
- Ozonolysis of limonene - whatever form - should lead to formaldehyde as one product. You need more than ozone to get that reaction to happen cleanly, so in the lab dimethyl sulfide is usually added. But I can easily believe that the product of ozone + limonene would give an ozonide that could slowly release formaldehyde. As for the "quickly", I'm not too familiar with the practical aspects of ozonolysis, so I couldn't judge that. Walkerma (talk) 04:00, 13 March 2008 (UTC)
