Kyōhō
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kyōhō (享保?) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō,?, lit. "year name") after Shōtoku and before Gembun. This period spanned the years from 1716 through 1736. The reigning emperors were Nakamikado-tennō (中御門天皇?) and Sakuramachi-tennō (桜町天皇?).
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[edit] Change of era
- Kyōhō gannen (享保元年?); 1716: The era name of Kyōhō (meaning "Undergoing and Supporting") was created in response to the death of Tokugawa Ietsugu. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Shōtoku 6, on the 22nd day of the 6th month.
[edit] Events of the Kyōhō era
- Kyōhō 2 (1717): Kyōhō reforms are directed and overseen by Shogun Yoshimune.[1]
- Kyōhō 3 (1718): The bakufu repaired the Imperial mausolea.[2]
- Kyōhō 6, in the 8th month (1718): The bakufu established a petition-box (目安箱 meyasubako?) at the office of the machi-bugyō in Heian-kyō.[2]
- Kyōhō 6 (1721): Edo population of 1.1 million is world's largest city.[3]
- Kyōhō 15 (1730): The Tokugawa shogunate officially recognizes the Dojima Rice Market in Osaka; and bakufu supervisors (nengyoji) are appointed to monitor the market and to collect taxes.[4] The transactions relating to rice exchanges developed into securities exchanges, used primarily for transactions in public securities.[5] The development of improved agriculture production caused the price of rice to fall in mid-Kyohō.[6]
- Kyōhō 15, on the 20th day of the 6th month (August 3, 1730): A fire broke out in Muromachi and 3,790 houses were burnt. Over 30,000 looms in Nishi-jin were destroyed. The bakufu distributed rice.[2]
- Kyōhō 17 (1732): The Kyōhō famine was the consequence after swarms of locusts devastated crops in agricultural communities around the inland sea.[7]
[edit] References
- ^ Bowman, John Stewart. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture, p. 142.
- ^ a b c Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869, p. 320.
- ^ Foreign Press Center. (1997). Japan: Eyes on the Country, Views of the 47 Prefectures, p. 127.
- ^ Adams, Thomas. (1953). Japanese Securities Markets: A Historical Survey, p. 11.
- ^ Adams, p. 12.
- ^ Hayami, Akira et al. (2004) The Economic History of Japan: 1600-1990, p.67.
- ^ Hall, John. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan, p. 456.
- Adams, Thomas Francis Morton. (1953). Japanese Securities Markets: A Historical Survey, Tokyo: Seihei Okuyama.
- Hall, John Whitney. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan, v4: "Early Modern Japan." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-5212-2357-1
- Foreign Press Center. (1997). Japan: Eyes on the Country, Views of the 47 Prefectures. Tokyo: Foreign Press Center/Japan.
- Hayami, Akira, Osamu Saitō, Ronald P Toby. (2004) The Economic History of Japan: 1600-1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-1982-8905-7
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B. (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial.
- Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-700-71720-X
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Click link for digitized, full-text copy of this book (in French)
[edit] External links
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
| Kyōhō | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th | 21st |
| Gregorian | 1716 | 1717 | 1718 | 1719 | 1720 | 1721 | 1722 | 1723 | 1724 | 1725 | 1726 | 1727 | 1728 | 1729 | 1730 | 1731 | 1732 | 1733 | 1734 | 1735 | 1736 |
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Preceded by: |
Era or nengō: |
Succeeded by: |
