Kurmanji
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kurmanji (Kurdish: Kurmancî) (sometimes misspelled as Kirmanji or Kermanji) is the major Kurdish dialect spoken in Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, former Soviet republicss, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Kurmanji is the most commonly spoken dialect of Kurdish language and it is spoken in Turkey and Kurdistan of Syria and Iran, as well as Kurds in Former Soviet countries such as Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Russia and Ukraine and by Kurds in Lebanon. It is the language of national Kurdish Yezidi religion and also the only dialect that is spoken in all four parts of Kurdistan
In Kurdistan of Iraq, Kurmanji is spoken in the north parts of the country, primarily in the cities of Mosul, Duhok, Zakho, Akre, Amedia, Sheikhan, Shangal and northern parts of the Iranian Kurdistan in the cities of Urmia, Maku, Xoy as well as exile Kurds living in Khorasan province of Iran and Middle Anatolia of Turkey, in cities like Ankara, Konya, Kirsehir and some others. Kurmanji is also spoken by 200,000 Kurdophones settled around Kabul, in Afghanistan and some in Pakistan.
Kurmanji is mistakenly called as Bahdini in Iraq due to Kurmanji Kurds living in Bahdinan region and Shikaki in Iran due to major Kurmanji tribe Shikak which is the tribe of legendary Kurdish leader Ismail Aghaye Shikak.
Kurmanji dialect which uses the Latin Script is the most common dialect of the Kurdish language and spoken by % 80 of all Kurds.
Contents |
[edit] Dialects
The Northern Kurdish dialect, also referred to as simply Kurmanji, uses the Latin script[1] and is the most common dialect of the Kurdish language, being spoken by 80% of all Kurds. The Latin script in which Kurdish is written in Turkey and Syria as well as in exile communities in Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia is based on Jaladet Bedirkhan’s (Celadet Bedirxan’s) alphabet.
Most early modern Kurdish literature is in this dialect.
Kurds have also used the term Kurmanji as an identity for Kurds that speak the dialects of the Kurmanji mentioned above. This term is in contrast to Gorani or Dimili (also Zaza), which have been used to describe other people in the region who speak Zaza-Gorani languages.[2]
[edit] Etymology
[edit] Kurdmanj
The main theory about the etymology of Kurmanji is that the term Kurmanji, according to Prince Jaladet Bedirkhan, the great Kurish intellectual who prepared the Latin Kurdish alphabet, comes from Kurd+man+cî which means, those Kurds who remained in their places (not moved like others). In earler publicatons of this century, the term Kurmanji was sometimes spelled with a "d" like "Kurdmanji" but the standard spelling of the term is Kurmanji in English and Kurmancî in Kurdish.
One other theory is that the term Kurmanji is believed by some scholars to mean Median Kurd.[3] Some scholars say the older form of this word is Khormenj (also possibly Hormenj, which means “place of Khormens” or “land of Khormens” in Kurdish). Kurds historically lived in the area Greek sources defined as Armenia; thus Greek Armen could be a rendering of local Khormen. Note that modern Armenians' name for themselves has historically been Haiq.
[edit] The Magi Theory
Other scholars dismiss the above theories as false. These scholars claim the term Kurmanji originates from the two distinct words, kur (“boy” or “child”) and magi. Magi refers to one of the ancient tribes of the Median Empire whose priests are referenced in the Bible and are commonly known as the Three Wise Men from Medya.[4] The direct translation applied to the term Kurên Magî is “Children of Magi”. Scholars say that Manji is simply a distorted form of the original term. These scholars also claim that the Magi tribe, or followers of the priests that were referred to as “Magi of the people”, may have been the original speakers of Proto-Kurdish.[5] Indeed pre-modern documents write the name Kurmanj as Kurmaj; For instance Masture Ardalan writes: ... the third group of Kurmaj are Baban... Also there is a desire in Kurdish to add a n before j. (ex. Iranian taj in Kurdish becomes tanj.)
[edit] References
- ^ Kurdish language - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ http://www.xs4all.nl/~tank/kurdish/htdocs/his/orig.html
- ^ E.B. Soane, Grammar of the Kurmanji or Kurdish Language, Part I, p 5, London 1913
- ^ The Magi - A short history
- ^ Who Were the Magi?
[edit] See also
- Kurmancî, a Kurdish linguistic magazine
- Northern Kurmanji
- Central Kurdish
- Southern Kurdish
- Laki language
- Pehlewani
- Kurdish language
[edit] External links
- Kurdish Institute Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ɮ | This Indo-European languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
