Koyukon language

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Koyukon
Spoken in:	United States
Region:	Alaska (middle Yukon River, Koyukuk River)
Total speakers:	300
Language family:	Dené-Yeniseian Na-Dené Athabaskan-Eyak Athabaskan Northern Athabaskan Koyukon
Writing system:	Latin (Northern Athabaskan variant)
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	`ath`
ISO 639-3:	`koy`
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

For the Koyukon people, see Koyukon.

Koyukon is an Athabaskan language spoken along the Koyukuk and middle Yukon River in western interior Alaska. Also called Ten'a, Koyukon has about 300 speakers - generally older adults bilingual in English - from an ethnic population of 2,300^{[citation needed]}.

Jules Jette, a French Canadian Jesuit missionary, began recording the language and culture of the Koyukon people in 1898. Considered a fluent Koyukon speaker after spending years in the region, Jette died in 1927, leaving behind a significant quantity of notes on the Koyukon people, their culture and beliefs, and their language. Eliza Jones, an Alaskan native and member of the Koyukon tribe, came in contact with these manuscripts while studying, and later working, at the University of Alaska in the early 1970s. Working from Jette's notes, and in consultation with Koyukon tribal elders, Jones pieced together the Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary, edited by James Kari and published by the Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, in 2000.

The Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary is unusually comprehensive in terms of documentation of an American indigenous language, in part because Jette's notes were of excellent quality and depth, and because these notes were taken around a century ago, when the language was far more actively spoken and the culture more traditional. The title 'dictionary' is misleading as the document is as much encyclopedic dictionary as it is a record of the culture and traditions of the Koyukon people.

There are also some traditional stories set down as readers by Catherine Attla and published by the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

1 Phonology and Orthography
- 1.1 Consonants
- 1.2 Vowels
2 Further reading
3 Resources

[edit] Phonology and Orthography

[edit] Consonants

Sounds are given in IPA with the orthographic equivalent in angled brackets^[1]:

Consonant phonemes of Koyukon
	Bilabial	Alveolar				Palatal		Velar				Uvular			Glottal
Plosives	p	t <d>	tʰ <t>		t'			k <g>	kʰ <k>		k'	q <gg>	qʰ <kk>	q' <kk'>	ʔ <'>
Affricates		ts <dz>	tsʰ <ts>		ts'
Lateral affricates		tɬ	tɬʰ <tl>		tɬ' <tl'>
Nasals	m	n̥ <nh>		n
Fricatives		s		z				x <h>		ɣ <gh>					h
Approximant						j̥ <yh>	j <y>
Lateral approximants		l̥ <ł>		l

[edit] Vowels

There are four full vowels in Koyukon:

i <ee>
u <oo>
æ <aa>
ɔ <o>

And there are three reduced vowels:

ʊ <oo>
ə <e>
ɞ <ʉ>

[edit] Further reading

Jones, Eliza, Comp. Junior Dictionary for Central Koyukon Athabaskan: Dinaakkanaaga Ts'inh Huyoza. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 900111, Fairbanks, AK 99775-0120, 1992.