Korean Air Flight 801

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Korean Air Flight 801

CG render of 747-3B5 HL7468 Korean Air Flight 801
Summary
Date	6 August 1997
Type	Controlled flight into terrain
Site	Nimitz Hill, Guam
Passengers	237
Crew	17
Fatalities	228
Survivors	26
Aircraft type	Boeing 747-3B5
Operator	Korean Air
Tail number	HL7468
Flight origin	Gimpo International Airport
Destination	Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport

Seat plan for the lower deck of Korean Air 801 from the NTSB, indicating surviving passengers and flight attendants

Wreckage of HL7468 burns at the Sasa Valley crash site.

Korean Air Flight 801 (KE801, KAL801) crashed on August 6, 1997 on approach to Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, Guam (a United States territory).

Flight 801 was normally flown by an Airbus A300, but Korean Air had scheduled the August 5-6 flight to transport Guamanian athletes to the South Pacific Mini Games in American Samoa, the airline designated HL7468, a Boeing 747-300 to fly the route that night. ^[1][2]

[edit] Passengers

Many of the passengers consisted of vacationers and honeymooners flying to Guam.^{[3] [4]}

Nationality	Passengers		Crew		Total
	Total	Killed	Total	Killed	Total	Killed
South Korea	218	199	17	14	235	213
New Zealand	1	0	0	0	1	0
United States	13	10	0	0	13	10
Unknown	5	5	0	0	5	5
Total	237	214	17	14	254	228

One South Korean passport holder was described as Japanese in many press reports^[3]. One South Korean lived in Guam,^[5] while New Zealander Barry Small worked in Guam.^[6]

[edit] The Disaster

Flight 801 departed from Seoul-Kimpo International Airport (now Gimpo Airport) at 8:53 pm (9:53 pm. Guam time) on August 5 on its way to Guam. It carried 2 pilots, 1 flight engineer, 14 flight attendants, and 237 passengers ^[7], a total of 254 people. Of the passengers, 3 were children between the ages of 2 and 12 and 3 were 24 months old or younger ^[8].

The flight, headed by Captain Park Yong-chul (Hangul: 박용철, RR: Bak Yong-cheol, M-R: Pak Yongch'ŏl)^[9] First Officer Song Kyung-ho (Hangul: 송경호, RR: Song Gyeong-ho, M-R: Song Kyŏngho) and flight engineer Nam Suk-hoon (Hangul: 남석훈, RR: Nam Seok-hun, M-R: Nam Sŏkhun)^[10], was uneventful until shortly after 1:00 a.m. on August 6, as the jet was preparing to land. There was heavy rain at Guam so visibility was significantly reduced and the crew was attempting an instrument landing. Air traffic control in Guam advised the crew that the glideslope Instrument Landing System (ILS) in runway 6L was out of service. Air traffic control cleared Flight 801 to land in runway 6L at around 1:40a.m. The crew noticed that the plane was descending very steeply, and noted several times that the airport "is not in sight". At 1:42, the aircraft crashed into Nimitz Hill, about 3 miles (5 km) short of the runway, at an altitude of 660 feet (201 m).

36-year-old Hong Hyun Seong (also spelled Hong Hyun Sung), a survivor who occupied Seat 3B in first class, said that the crash occurred so quickly that the passengers "had no time to scream."^[5]

Of the 254 people on board, 223 people, including 209 passengers and 14 crew members (3 flight crew and 11 cabin crew) were killed at the crash site. ^[11] Of the 31 occupants found alive by rescue crews, 2 passengers died en-route to the hospital and 3 other passengers died within 30 days. One of the two passengers that died en-route to the hospital, a female, sustained multiple internal injuries and had no burns and no soot in her airway, leading autopsy to classify her death as not of any one cause. Upon discovery she was alive and treated by rescuers ^[12]. 23 passengers and 3 flight attendants survived the crash with serious injuries [5] (Pg. 11, 23 of 226). Of the survivors, 7 passengers and 1 flight attendant were in first class, 1 flight attendant was in the prestige class section, 7 passengers were in the forward economy class section, and 9 passengers and 1 flight attendant were in the aft economy section. 13 of the surviving passengers and 2 of the surviving flight attendants were seated in the right side of the airplane, and 6 of the 13 passengers were seated over the right wing [6] (Pg. 45, 57 of 226).

The rescue effort was hampered by the weather, terrain, and other problems. Emergency vehicles could not approach due to a fuel pipeline destroyed by the crash and blocking the narrow road. There was confusion over the administration of the effort; the crash occurred on land owned by the United States Navy but civil authorities initially claimed authority. The hull had disintegrated, and jet fuel in the wing tanks had sparked a fire which was still burning eight hours after impact.

The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board investigation report stated that the Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW) system had been deliberately modified and would not detect the plane that close to the runway. The captain failed to brief his non-precision approach and prematurely descended to decision height. Contributing to the accident were the captain's fatigue, Korean Air's lack of flight crew training, as well as the intentional inhibition of the Guam ILS. The crew had been using an outdated flight map, which stated that the Minimum Safe Altitude for a landing plane was 1,770 feet (540 m) as opposed to 2,150 feet (656 m). Flight 801 had been maintaining 1,870 feet (570 m) when it was waiting to land.

[edit] Rika Matsuda

Governor Carl T.C. Gutierrez found Rika Matsuda, a South Korean citizen from Japan who boarded the flight with her mother, Cho Sung-yeo (also known as Shigeko ^{[3] [13]}). Cho could not free herself from the aircraft and told Rika to run away. Cho died in the fire as a surviving flight attendant, Lee Yong Ho, found Rika Matsuda and traveled with her until the two encountered Gutierrez. ^[14] Jesus C. Taitingfong, a Guamanian firefighter, stated that he believes that Gutierrez exaggerated his contribution to the rescue operation and used the news story as a political advantage. ^[15]

[edit] After the crash

On August 6, 2000, the third anniversary of the crash, a black marble obelisk was unveiled on the crash site as a memorial to the victims.

After the accident, Korean Air services to Guam were suspended for several years (except for anniversary flights carrying surviving family members to memorial ceremonies on Guam). When Seoul-Guam services resumed, the flight number was changed to 805. The aircraft is now designated as Boeing 777-200/200ER.

This incident was documented on Mayday (Air Emergency or Air Crash Investigation), episode "Final Approach" (known in other areas as "Missed Approach" and "Blind Landing.") In 2000, a lawsuit was settled in the amount of $70,000,000 United States dollars on behalf of 54 families.^[16]

Barry Small, a survivor of the incident, lobbied for safer storage of duty-free alcohol and redesigns of crossbars on airline seats; he says that the storage of duty-free alcohol on Flight 801 contributed to spreading of the fire and the crossbars injured passengers to the point where they could not escape from the aircraft.^[6]

[edit] References

• NTSB: Korean Air Flight 801 Final Report, including animations and hearing transcripts
• AirDisaster.com hosted NTSB report: http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR00-01.pdf
• Government of Guam: Guam Crash Site Center - Korean Air Flight 801, photographs, passenger manifest, scanned news articles, and related links
• PBS Newshour with Jim Lehrer: "Tragedy on Guam," August 6, 1997
• "List of passengers aboard Korean Air Flight 801" (also lists crew members) CNN
• Airline's List Of Survivors," The New York Times
• Focus shifts to cause of Korean Air crash CNN
• "Guam's governor seizes main chance," The Independent, August 11, 1997
• "Pilot Error Is Suspected in Crash on Guam," The New York Times
• Guam rescuers: 27 survivors, no more expected, CNN
• Pilot error focus in Guam crash, CNN
• Photos used to identify Guam crash victims, CNN
• 29 Survive the Guam Crash, but Hope for Others Ends, The New York Times
• Rescuers search smoldering jet debris in Guam, CNN
• Tragedy on Guam, PBS

Coordinates: 13°27.35′N, 144°43.92′E

[edit] External links

• Pre-accident pictures taken from Airliners.net
• Fly The Risky Skies
• Tape Shows Crew's Confusion in Guam Crash
• Safety Board Cites Crew, Carrier, Controller, and Regulatory Authorities' Lapses in Guam Crash