Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia

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Regno Lombardo-Veneto Lombardo-Venezianisches Königreich Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia Client state to Austria ← 1815 – 1866 → Flag Coat of arms Lombardy and Venetia as parts of the kingdom Capital Milan Government Constitutional monarchy King  - 1815-1835 Francis I  - 1835-1848 Ferdinand I  - 1848-1866 Francis Joseph I Viceroy  - 1857-1859 Maximilian (of Habsburg) History  - Congress of Vienna 9 June, 1815  - Revolutions March 22, 1848  - Treaty of Zurich November 10, 1859  - Treaty of Vienna October 12, 1866 Area  - 1850 46,991 km² (18,143 sq mi) Population  - 1850 est. 5,100,000       Density 108.5 /km²  (281.1 /sq mi)

The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (Italian: Regno Lombardo-Veneto; German: Lombardo-Venezianisches Königreich) was a kingdom in northern Italy, and part of the Austrian Empire. It was established after the defeat of Napoleon, according to the decisions of the Congress of Vienna, on 9 June 1815. The Kingdom ceased to exist when the remaining portion of it was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866.

The Congress of Vienna combined the territories of Lombardy (which had been ruled by the Habsburgs since the 16th century, and by the Austrian branch of the family from 1713 to 1796) and Venetia (which had been under Austrian rule intermittently since 1797) into a single unit under the Austrian Habsburgs.

Administratively the Kingdom comprised two independent governments in the two parts. Lombardy included the provinces of Milan, Como, Bergamo, Brescia, Pavia, Cremona, Mantova, Lodi-Cream, and Sondrio. Venetia included the provinces of Venice, Verona, Padova, Vicenza, Treviso, Rovigo, Belluno, and Udine.^[1]

The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia was first ruled by Francis from 1815 to his death in 1835. Ferdinand ruled from 1835 to 1848.

After a popular revolution on 22 March 1848 (The Five Days of Milan), the Austrians fled from Milan, which become the capital city of the Governo Provvisorio della Lombardia (Lombardy Provisional Government). The next day, Venice also arose against the Austrians, forming the Governo Provvisorio di Venezia (Venice Provisional Government). The Austrians, after defeating the Sardinian troops at the Custoza (24-25 July 1848), entered in Milan (6 August) and Venice (24 August 1849), restoring Austrian rule.

Francis Joseph ruled over the Kingdom for the rest of its existence. His younger brother Maximilian, who later became Emperor of Mexico, served as his viceroy in Milan between 1857 and 1859.

Lombardy was annexed to the embryonic Italian state in 1859, by the Treaty of Zurich after the Second Italian War of Independence; Venetia was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866 in the aftermath of the Seven Weeks War, by the Treaty of Prague.^[1]

[edit] Kings of Lombardy-Venetia

Name	Reign	Notes
Kings of Lombardy-Venetia
Franz I of Austria	1814–1835	previously Duke of Milan
Prince Heinrich XV Reuss zu Plauen	1814–1815	Viceroy for Franz I
Count Friedrich Heinrich von Bellegarde	1815–1816	Viceroy for Franz I
Archduke Anton Victor of Austria	1816–1818	Viceroy for Franz I
Archduke Rainer of Austria	1818–1835	Viceroy for Franz I
Ferdinand I of Austria	1835–1848	son of Franz I
Archduke Rainer of Austria	1835–1848	Viceroy for Ferdinand I
Franz Joseph of Austria	1848–1859	nephew of Ferdinand I
Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz	1848–1857	Viceroy for Franz Joseph
Archduke Maximilian of Austria	1857–1859	Viceroy for Franz Joseph

[edit] See also

• Historical states of Italy

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b} Rosita Rindler Schjerve (2003) "Diglossia and Power: Language Policies and Practice in the 19th Century Habsburg Empire", ISBN 311017653X, pp. 199-200

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