Keppetipola Disawe

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Rajapaksa Wickramasekera Mudiyanselage Monarawila Keppetipola
Born	Matale, Sri Lanka
Died	25 November 1818 Kandy, Sri Lanka
Cause of death	Executed
Nationality	Sri Lanka
Other names	Monarawila Keppetipola, Keppetipola Disawe
Known for	Leading the Uva Rebellion of 1818
Religious beliefs	Buddhism

Rajapaksa Wickramasekera Mudiyanselage Monarawila Keppetipola,^[1] more widely known as Keppetipola Disawe was a high ranking official under the rule of King Sri Wikrama Rajasinghe and later under the British Administration in Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon). He was a prominent leader of the Uva rebellion of 1818 after he joined the rebels whom he was sent to suppress by the British. The rebellion was defeated by the British rule, and Keppetipola Disawe along with several other leaders of the rebellion were found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death. He is well known for the exceptional courage that he showed at the moment of his execution, and is now a national hero of Sri Lanka.

Contents 1 The Family of Keppetipola Disawe 2 The Beginning of the British Rule and Joining the Rebellion 3 The Rebellion of 1818 under the leadership of Keppetipola 4 Capture and Execution of Keppetipola 5 References

[edit] The Family of Keppetipola Disawe

Keppetipola was born to an aristocratic family in Monarawila of the Matale area. Keppetipola Disawe’s father was known as Golahela Disawe, who was the Diyawadana Nilame of Dalada Maligawa and Disawe of Tamankaduwa during the reign of King Sri Wikrama Rajasinghe.^[2] After his death, Keppetipola acquired his position.

[edit] The Beginning of the British Rule and Joining the Rebellion

Keppetipola Disawe was one of the Sinhala leaders who signed the ‘’Udarata Treaty’’ at Kandy on 2nd March 1815, bringing the whole island under the British rule. Keppetipola was one of the three leaders that signed in Sinhalese for this treaty, while the other leaders preferred to sign in English. This is noted by some as a sign that even though Keppetipola signed this treaty, he was not willing to bring his country under the British rule.

Keppetipola served under the British rule as a Disawe, in charge of the Uva Province. By 1817 the rebellions were getting uncontrollable and attempts at negotiations also failed. As advised by the British Resident in Kandy John D’Oyly, Governor Robert Brownrigg decided to send Keppetipola to suppress the rebellion. However, upon meeting the rebels Keppetipola joined them as their leader at their request. His men numbering about 500 are also said to have joined with him, but Keppetipola sent his arms and ammunition back to the British governor saying that he did not wish to destroy them with their own weapons.^[3] Keppetipola continued to lead the rebellion with great success until it was ended with the disbanding of the rebels.

[edit] The Rebellion of 1818 under the leadership of Keppetipola

Martial Law was declared in Kandy and the surrounding provinces and two army divisions were sent to Uva immediately after the news reached the Governor that Keppetipola has joined the rebels.^[4] Soon after this, Wilbawe who had claimed to be the heir to the throne, was formally crowned. Under this new king, Keppetipola was appointed as the Maha Adhikaram (Chief Minister) and the rebels were urged to free the country from the British rule.

Keppetipola led a guerilla war against the British army, knowing that the rebels were outnumbered and lesser in firepower. There were only a few large face-to-face battles done against the British army during the entire rebellion, and most of the attacks were carried out in the form of ambushes. Under the leadership of Keppetipola, the rebellion gained new strength and grew rapidly, spreading to a large part of the country. On the 1st of January 1818, governor Brownrigg declared Keppetipola and sixteen others as rebels, outlaws and enemies to the crown and their lands and property were confiscated.^[5]

As it became clear that the rebels were gaining the upper hand and the British forces stationed in the country cannot do enough against them, reinforcements were brought in from India. The rebels were unable to face the strengthened British forces, and were facing difficulties with supplies as most of the cultivations and livestock in the areas where the rebellion took place had been destroyed. As a result of this and because of the hardships the civilian population of Uva had to face, the rebels were disbanded and Keppetipola fled to the Nuwara Kalawiya area in Anuradhapura.

[edit] Capture and Execution of Keppetipola

On 28th of October 1818, Keppetipola along with Pilimathalawe, another rebel leader were captured by Captain O’Neil of the British army, with the assistance of Native Lieutenant Cader-Boyet of the Ceylon Rifle Regiment.^[6] As the troops surrounded the house he was in, Keppitipola Disawe boldly came out and greeted Capt. O’Neil, identified himself to them and gave himself in. After his capture, Keppetipola was taken to Kandy where he was tried for high treason and sentenced to death by beheading.^[7]

On 25th November 1818, Keppetipola and Madugalle, another rebel leader, were taken to the Dalada Maligawa, where they performed their religious rituals. Here Keppetipola made his final wish as to be born in the Himalayas on his next birth and attain Nirvana.^[8] He offered a cloth he wore to the temple, and presented his Dhammapada to his friend Marshall Sawers. He requested Sawers to come to the execution grounds with him and witness his death, but was refused as Sawers did not wish to see his friend’s death.

Keppetipola and Madugalle were taken to the execution grounds at Bogambara, where Keppetipola requested the executioner to behead him with a single stroke of the sword. Keppetipola tied up his hair over his head to avoid it falling onto his neck and bent to receive the sword stroke, uttering some Pali verses from the Dhammapada. However the executioner failed to behead him with one stroke as requested and Keppetipola was killed on the second stroke.^[9]

After his death his skull was taken to England to be placed at the Phrenological Society of Edinburgh, but was later returned to Sri Lanka in 1954 as requested by the Sri Lankan Government and is now kept in Kandy.^[10] After the independence was gained from the British in 1948, Keppetipola was declared as a national hero of Sri Lanka, who fought to free the country from foreign rule.

[edit] References