Kalami language

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Kalami Kohistani
Spoken in:	Pakistan
Total speakers:	60,000–70,000 (1995)
Language family:	Indo-European  Indo-Iranian   Dardic    Kohistani     Kalami
Writing system:	Arabic script
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	ine
ISO 639-3:	gwc
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Kalami is a Dardic language spoken in northern Pakistan.

The language is also known as Gawri or Garwi (IPA: /ɡaːwriː/), but this name is considered pejorative by some speakers.

Contents 1 Classification 2 Geographic distribution 3 Phonology 3.1 Vowels 3.2 Consonants 3.3 Tone 4 Grammar 4.1 Syntax 4.2 Morphology 5 External links

[edit] Classification

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[edit] Geographic distribution

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[edit] Phonology

[edit] Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Mid	e	o
Open	a	ɑ

Length (/ː/) and nasalization (/˜/) are probably contrastive for all vowels.

[edit] Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɳ		ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t	ʈ		k	(q)
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	ʈʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d	ɖ		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		ts	ʈʂ	tʃ
	aspirated		tsʰ	ʈʂʰ	tʃʰ
	voiced				dʒ
Fricative	voiceless	(f)	s	ʂ	ʃ	x		h
	voiced		z			ɣ
Lateral	voiceless		ɬ
	Voiced		l
Flap			ɾ	ɽ
Approximant					j	w

/q f z x ɣ/ occur mainly in loanwords. /q f/ tend to be replaced by /x p/, respectively.

After the front vowels /i e a/, the velars /k ɡ ŋ/ are palatalized: [kʲ ɡʲ ŋʲ].

[edit] Tone

Kalami has 5 contrastive tones: high level, high falling, delayed high falling, low level, low rising.

[edit] Grammar

[edit] Syntax

The default sentence order is SOV, but this can be changed for emphasis.

Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.

[edit] Morphology

Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.

[edit] External links

• The Gawri Language of Kalam and Dir Kohistan
• Ethnologue report for language code:gwc

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