Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

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Joseph I
Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary
Reign	23 January 1690/5 May 1705–17 April 1711
Coronation	26 January 1690
Born	July 26, 1678(1678-07-26)
Birthplace	Vienna, Austria
Died	April 17, 1711 (aged 32)
Place of death	Vienna, Austria
Predecessor	Leopold I
Successor	Karl VI
Royal House	House of Habsburg
Father	Leopold I
Mother	Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg

Joseph I (July 26, 1678 – April 17, 1711), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, was the elder son of the emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleanora, Countess Palatine, daughter of Philip William of Neuburg, Elector Palatine.

Born in Vienna, he was educated strictly by Prince Dietrich Otto von Salm and became a good linguist. In 1687 he received the crown of Hungary and became King of the Romans on January 6, 1690.

[edit] Emperor

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, in imperial regalia

In 1702, on the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, he saw his only military service. He joined the imperial general Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden in the siege of Landau. It is said that when he was advised not to go into a place of danger, he replied that those who were afraid might retire.

He succeeded his father as emperor in 1705, and it was his good fortune to govern the Austrian dominions and to be head of the Empire during the years in which his trusted general Prince Eugene of Savoy, either acting alone in Italy or with the Duke of Marlborough in Germany and Flanders, was beating the armies of Louis XIV. During the whole of his reign, Hungary was disturbed by the conflict with Francis Rákóczi II, who eventually took refuge in the Ottoman Empire.

Austrian Royalty House of Habsburg Armorial of the Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand II Children include    Ferdinand III    Archduchess Maria Anna    Archduchess Cecilia Renata    Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria Ferdinand III Children include    Ferdinand IV of Hungary    Archduchess Mariana    Leopold I    Archduchess Eleonora Maria Josefa Leopold I Children include    Joseph I    Archduchess Maria Elisabeth    Archduchess Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal    Charles VI    Archduchess Maria Magdalena Joseph I    Arcduchess Maria Josepha    Archduke Leopold Joseph    Archduchess Maria Amalia Charles VI Children include    Archduchess Maria Theresa    Archduchess Maria Anna Maria Theresa

The emperor did not himself take the field against the rebels, but he is entitled to a large share of the credit for the restoration of his authority. He reversed many of the pedantically authoritative measures of his father, thus placating all opponents who could be pacified, and he fought stoutly for what he believed to be his rights. Joseph showed himself very independent towards the pope and hostile to the Jesuits, by whom his father had been much influenced. He had a taste for art and music, which was almost hereditary in his family, and was an active hunter. He began the attempts to settle the question of the Austrian inheritance by a pragmatic sanction, which was continued by his brother Charles VI. Joseph died in Vienna of smallpox.

[edit] Marriage and children

In 1699, he married Amalia Wilhelmina, daughter of Duke Frederick of Brunswick-Lüneburg. They had three children:

• Maria Josepha of Austria (December 8, 1699 - November 17, 1757). Married August III the Saxon
• Archduke Leopold Joseph of Austria (October 29, 1700 - August 4, 1701).
• Maria Amalia of Austria (October 22, 1701 - December 11, 1756). Married Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor.

Joseph's descendants include Louis XVI of France, Charles IV of Spain, Maria Josepha of Bavaria, who married Emperor Joseph II, and several Kings of Poland.

[edit] Ancestors

[edit] References

• F. Krones von Marchiand, Grundriss der Oesterreichischen Geschichte (1882)
• F. Wagner, Historia Josephi Caesaris (1746)
• J.C. Herchenhahn, Geschichte der Regierung Kaiser Josephs I (1786—1789)
• C. van Noorden, Europäische Geschichte im achtzehnten Jahrhundert (1870—1882).

[edit] External links

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Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

Names in other languages: German: Joseph I, Czech: Josef I, Slovak: Jozef I, Hungarian: I. József, Croatian: Josip I..

[edit] See also

• Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.

v • d • e Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire Carolingian Empire Charles I · Louis I · Lothair I · Louis II · Charles II · Charles III · Guy · Lambert · Arnulf · Louis III · Berengar Holy Roman Empire Otto I · Otto II · Otto III · Henry II · Conrad II · Henry III · Henry IV · Henry V · Lothair II · Frederick I · Henry VI · Otto IV · Frederick II · Henry VII · Louis IV · Charles IV · Sigismund · Frederick III · Maximilian I · Charles V · Ferdinand I · Maximilian II · Rudolph II · Matthias · Ferdinand II · Ferdinand III · Leopold I · Joseph I · Charles VI · Charles VII · Francis I · Joseph II · Leopold II · Francis II

v • d • e Monarchs of Germany Carolingians: Louis II · Carloman · Louis III · Charles III · Arnulf · Louis the Child — Conradines: Conrad I — Ottonians: Henry I · Otto I · Otto II · Otto III · Henry II — Salians: Conrad II · Henry III · Henry IV · Henry V — Supplinburger: Lothair III — Hohenstaufen: Conrad III · Frederick I · Henry VI · Philip — Welf: Otto IV; Hohenstaufen: Frederick II · Conrad IV — Habsburg: Rudolf I — Nassau: Adolf — Habsburg: Albert I — Luxemburg: Henry VII — Wittelsbach: Louis IV — Luxemburg: Charles IV · Wenceslaus — Wittelsbach: Rupert — Luxemburg: Sigismund — Habsburg: Albert II · Frederick III · Maximilian I · Charles V · Ferdinand I · Maximilian II · Rudolph II · Matthias · Ferdinand II · Ferdinand III · Leopold I · Joseph I · Charles VI — Wittelsbach: Charles VII — Lorraine: Francis I — Habsburg-Lorraine: Joseph II · Leopold II · Francis II — Hohenzollern: William I · Frederick III · William II — Family tree

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.