Johann van Beethoven

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Johann van Beethoven[1][2] (born 14 November 1740 in Bonn - 18 December 1792 in Bonn) was the father of the famous composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827).

The tenor was the son of Ludwig van Beethoven[3][4] (1712 in Mechelen - 1773 in Bonn), Kapellmeister at the court of the Prince-Archbishop-Elector of Cologne Clemens August of Bavaria at Bonn, and Maria Josepha Ball (married 1733). The famous composer is thus named after his grandfather of the same name (aka Louis or Lodewijk), a descendant of a Roman Catholic Flemish family of musicians and instrument makers from the former Duchy of Brabant (presumably the Mechelen-Leuven area) which moved to Bonn in the early 18th century.

Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich (1746 in Ehrenbreitstein – 1787) on 12 November 1767 in the Catholic St. Remigius church, Bonn. He worked as a musician in the Electoral court at Bonn. Johann was an alcoholic and young Ludwig had to support the family at a young age. Johann realized Ludwig's talent and became his first teacher. It is said that Johann was a violent father when it came to Beethoven's music. Whenever Beethoven would play poorly, Johann would exclaim that it was an embarrassment to the family.

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[edit] Origins of the family name

While the exact origins of van Beethoven's surname are unknown, various theories have been proposed. The Meertens Institute, an authoritative body on Dutch surnames, notes it as being derived from a toponym,[5] supported by the tussenvoegsel "van"[6]. Some people still bear the name in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.

[edit] Ancestors of Ludwig van Beethoven

  • Jan van Beethoven (born 1470 - died ?) his place of birth or residence are unknown, but is likely to have been the area currently included within the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant, possible Kampenhout, as most of his descendants lived there and in the province of Antwerp until they relocated to Bonn in the Archdiocese of Cologne, now Germany. It is unknown whom he married but has been recorded to have had at least one child
  • Marck van Beethoven (born 1505 - died ?) married Anna Smets (born 1510 - died ?) had at least one son.
  • Aert van Beethoven (born 1535 - died 1608/9) married Josyne van Vlesselaer (born 1540 - died 1595).
  • Hendrick van Beethoven (born 1572 - died 1652) married Josyne Cathlyne van Boevenbeeke (born 1575 - died 1638).
  • Markus van Beethoven (born 1601 - died 1672) married Sara Haesaerts (born 1606 - died 1653).
  • Cornelius van Beethoven (born 1641 - died 1716) married Catharina van Leempoel (born 1642 - died 1729).
  • Michiel van Beethoven (born 1684 - died 1749) married Marie Louise Stuyckers (born 1685 - died 1749). Michiel was a master baker in Mechelen; he also dealt in lace and property speculation. He was the last direct ancestor of Ludwig van Beethoven to marry a Flemish wife.[7]
  • Ludwig van Beethoven (born January 5th 1712, Mechelen - died December 24th 1773, Bonn) married Catharina Maria Josepha Poll. He was first in the Van Beethoven family to take up a professional interest in music. Ludwig was named in his honour,[citation needed] "Ludwig" being the German variant of the Dutch name "Lodewijk". Lodewijk moved to Bonn just before or after the birth of his son, possibly making him the last Van Beethoven born in the Low Countries, and the first Van Beethoven to marry a German wife. On November 2nd 1727, when he was 16 years old, he was appointed vice-conductor of the church choir of Saint Lambert Cathedral in Liège. There the Archbishop of Cologne is said to have seen him work and took him to Bonn where he was appointed a bass singer in the court choir with a salary of 400 guilders a year. On September 17th 1733 he married a local girl from Bonn called Maria-Jozef Poll. They had three children, of which only Johann van Beethoven reached maturity.
  • Johann van Beethoven (born 1740 - died 1792) married Maria Keverich (born 1746 - died 1787). He became a tenor in the court chapel at Bonn and married the 21 year old widow Maria Keverich on November 12th 1767. He had 3 sons, one of which was Ludwig van Beethoven, and of which only one, Karl van Beethoven, had any children.

[edit] Beethoven's Flemish ancestry

Despite his surname, Ludwig van Beethoven was only a quarter Flemish[7][8][9]; indeed, his grandfather Lodewijk was the last van Beethoven to be fully Flemish. Most of van Beethoven's most recent family came from what is now Germany, mostly the Rhineland Palatine area. Ludwig is considered to be German, and people occasionally spell his name as 'von Beethoven', which is incorrect. The last German of the Lodewijk van Beethoven line to bear the name Van Beethoven was Karl Julius Maria van Beethoven.

The Nazis were especially interested in Beethoven's background: "After making sure that Beethoven had no suspicious racial or national tinge of the non-Germanic in his background (clear evidence of his Flemish ancestry was denied in a series of articles), the masters of the Nazi propaganda and cultural machinery promoted his works as the essence of Germanic and Aryan strength".[10]

Beethoven himself showed less interest in his ancestors' Flemishness, unless - as Maynard Solomon suggests- it played a role in his composing incidental music for Goethe's play Egmont, "which tells of the eponymous hero, a sixteenth-century Flemish aristocrat, who is arrested and condemned by the Spanish conquerors". Solomon writes: "The subject had great resonance for Beethoven as an expression of his faith in the 'bon prince' and in the ideals of national liberation and individual freedom - perhaps also because it intersected with his own Flemish ancestry".[11]

[edit] Descendants of Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven never married and most likely never had any children. Hence a direct family connection to Beethoven is impossible today. His brother Karl, however, did have children, but none of his living descendants bears the name van Beethoven (the last such having died in 1917).

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Johann van BEETHOVEN, Tenorist an der kurfürstlichen Hofkapelle zu Bonn, geboren um 1740 in Bonn? (Religion: rk), gestorben am 18.12.1792 in Bonn, Sohn von Ludwig van BEETHOVEN (siehe IIb) und Maria Josepha BALL. Kirchliche Trauung am 12.11.1767 in Bonn, St.Remigius mit Maria Magdalena KEVERICH, 20 Jahre alt, geboren am 19.12.1746 in Ehrenbreitstein (Religion: rk), gestorben am 17.07.1787 in Bonn mit 40 Jahren. Schwindsucht, Tochter von Johann Heinrich KEVERICH, Kurfürstlich Trierscher Oberhofkoch, und Anna Clara WESTORFF. [1]
  2. ^ Johan Van Beethoven, dus vermoedelijk geboren te Bonn omstreeks 1739. Hij werd opgeleid om zijn vader op te volgen, en werd tenslotte als hofmusicus aangesteld. Hij huwde te Bonn in de St.-Remigiuskerk op 12 november 1767 met Maria-Magdalena Keverich, geboren te Ehrenbreitstein bij Koblenz op 19 december 1746 en overleden te Bonn op 17 juli 1787. Johan stierf 4 jaar later op 18 december 1792. [2]
  3. ^ Ludwig van BEETHOVEN, Kapellmeister der kurfürstlichen Hofkapelle zu Bonn, getauft (rk) am 05.01.1712 in Mecheln, St.Katharina, gestorben am 24.12.1773 in Bonn mit 61 Jahren, Sohn von Michael van BEETHOVEN (siehe I) und Marie Louise STUYCKERS. Aufgebot am 26.08.1733, kirchliche Trauung mit 21 Jahren am 07.09.1733 in Bonn, St. Remigius mit Maria Josepha BALL, geboren um 1714 in ? Gestorben am 30.09.1775 in Bonn. [3]
  4. ^ Lodewijk Van Beethoven, gedoopt te Mechelen op 5 januari 1712. Na 12 jaar koraalschool en twee jaar bij meester Colfs was hij in 1727 haast 16 jaar oud : een degelijk gevormd koorzanger en organist. Op 2 november werd hij aangesteld tot plaatsvervangend tenor en enkele dagen later als plaatsvervangend dirigent van het koor van de Luikse St. Lambertuskathedraal. Daar, te Luik , moet de Keulse aartsbisschop hem gehoord hebben en troonde hem mee naar Bonn. In deze residentiestad der Keulse keurvorsten werd Lodewijk vanaf 1733 aangesteld tot bassist van het hofkoor met een jaarwedde van 400 gulden. Hij huwde te Bonn in de St.-Remigiuskerk op 17 september 1733 op 21-jarige leeftijd met Maria-Jozef Poll, een meisje uit Bonn. Lodewijk stierf te Bonn op 24 december 1773 in de ouderdom van 62 jaar. Maria-Jozef overleed op 30 september 1775. [4]
  5. ^ See Meertens Nederlandse Familienamen Databank: Beethoven
  6. ^ (Dutch) 'van-namen zijn bijna zonder uitzondering van aardrijkskundige oorsprong' ('van'-names are almost without exception of topographical origins.
  7. ^ a b R. Capell, Beethoven, in Music & Letters, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Oct., 1938), pp. 375-390
  8. ^ Ernest Closson and Gustave Reese, Grandfather Beethoven, in The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Oct., 1933), pp. 367-373
  9. ^ TF Howell, Beethoven's nationality, in The Musical Times, 1915. "The chief hereditary character of Beethoven was Flemish, and all else was what we now label German."
  10. ^ Lewis Lockwood: Beethoven: the Music and the Life (W.W.Norton, 2005) p.419
  11. ^ Maynard Solomon: Beethoven (Schirmer, 2001) p.273-4

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