Jōkyū
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jōkyū (承久?) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) after Kempō and before Jōō. This period spanned the years from 1219 through 1222. The reigning emperor was Juntoku-tennō (順徳天皇).[1]
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[edit] Change of era
- Jōkyū gannen (承久元年; 1219): The new era name was created because the previous era ended and a new one commenced in Kempo 3, on the 6th day of the 12th month of 1213.[2]
[edit] Events of the Jōkyū era
- Jōkyū 1, on the 26th day of the 1st month (1219): Shogun Sanetomo was assassinated on the steps of Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine in Kamakura. The 40 years during which Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoriie and Minamoto no Sanetomo were successive heads of the Kamakura shogunate was sometimes called "the period of the three shoguns."[3] A new shogun was not to be named for several years during which the Kamakura bureaucracy nevertheless continued to function without interruption.
- Jōkyū 2, in the 2nd month (1220): The emperor visited the Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines.[4]
The reign of Emperor Chūkyō spans a small number of months.
- Jōkyū 3, on the 20th day of the 4th month (1221): In the 11th year of Juntoku-tennō's reign (順徳天皇11年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by eldest son who was only 4 years old. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Chūkyō is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[5]
- Jōkyū 3, on the 9th day of the 7th month (1221): In the 1st year of what is now considered to have been Chūkyō-tennō's reign (仲恭天皇1年), he abruptly abdicated without designating an heir; and contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (‘‘senso’’)[6] was received by a grandson of former Emperor Go-Toba.[7]
- Jōkyū 3, on the 1st day of the 12th month (1221): Emperor Go-Horikawa acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[8]
[edit] References
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 230-238; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 341-343; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 221-223.
- ^ Brown, p. 341.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 235.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 236.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 236; Brown, p.343; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
- ^ Varley, p. 44.
- ^ Brown, p. 344; Titsingh, p. 238.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 95; Brown, p. 344; Varley, p. 44.
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.--Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006. Click here to read the original text in French.
- Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
[edit] External links
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
- New York Public Library Digital Gallery, early photograph of Shrine steps where Sanetomo was killed
| Jōkyū | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
| Gregorian | 1219 | 1220 | 1221 | 1222 |
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Preceded by: |
Era or nengō: |
Succeeded by: |
