Help:IPA for Polish

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The International Phonetic Alphabet for Polish is shown below in charts which shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the Polish language.

See Polish phonology for a more complete version.

IPA Orthography Description
b b Similar to English b in bike.
bʲ b(i)[1] Similar to English b in beauty.
p p Similar to English p in pike.
pʲ p(i)[1] Similar to English p in pewter.
d d Similar to English d in door
t t Similar to English and t in tike.
gʲ g(i)[1] Similar to English g in geek.
kʲ k(i)[1] Similar to English c in cute.
g g Similar to English g in girl.
k k Similar to English c in curl.
f f Similar to English f in feist
fʲ f(i)[1] Similar to English f in few
v w Similar to English v in vile
x ch, h Like ch in the Scottish pronunciation of loch.
ç ch(i), h(i)[1] Similar to English h in huge.
s s Similar to English s in sign
z z Similar to English z in Zaire
ʂ sz Similar to English sh in ship[2]
ɕ ś/s(i)[1]
ʐ ż, rz Similar to English /ʒ/ of vision.[2]
ʑ ź, z(i)[1]
tʂ[3] cz Similar to English ch in child.[2]
tɕ[3] ć, c(i)[1]
dʐ[3] dż Similar to English j in jug.[2]
dʑ[3] dź, dz(i)[1]
ts[3] c Similar to English ts in cats
dz[3] dz Similar to English ds in cads
j j Similar to English y in yacht.
w ł Similar to English w in way.
l l Similar to English l in lion.
r r A rolled r sound like in Spanish rojo
mʲ m(i)[1] Similar to English m in mute.
m m Similar to English m in mile.
n n Similar to English n in Nile
ɲ ń/n(i)[1] Similar to English ny in canyon.
IPA Orthography Approximate description
a a Between the a sounds in cat and car.
ɛ e Similar to e in bed.
i i[1] Like the vowel of eat, but shorter.
ɔ o Between the vowel sounds of pot (British pronunciation) and walk.
u u/ó Like the vowel of boot, but shorter.
ɨ y Between the vowels of pit and put.
ɛ̃ ę A nasal e sound.
ɔ̃ ą A nasal o sound.

[edit] Other symbols

IPA Meaning
ˈ Denotes stress on the following syllable (usually the penultimate syllable of a word).
ˌ Denotes secondary stress on the following syllable.

[edit] Notes

  • Voiced consonants are devoiced at the ends of words and in most combinations with voiceless consonants (so d in these situations is pronounced like t, z like s, etc.) However in some voiced/voiceless combinations it is the voiceless consonant which becomes voiced.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m The letter i, when followed by a vowel, either represents a pronunciation like a j or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant, having the same effect as an acute accent on alvoelar consonants (s, z, c, dz, n). So się, cios and niania are pronounced as if they were spelt "śę", "ćos", "ńańa". A following i also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel, so for example zima, ci and dzisiaj are pronounced as if spelled "źima", "ći", "dźiśaj".
  2. ^ a b c d Polish makes contrasts between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars /ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ/ The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard" with the front of the tongue raised and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft" with the middle of the tongue raised.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Affricates such as /ts/ and /dʐ/) are correctly written with tie-bars: /t​͡s/, /d​͡ʐ/. The tie-bars are omitted in the above chart, as they do not display correctly in all browsers.

[edit] See also